The Between Sin And Purity - 1629 Words

The organization of Inferno is categorized by the escalation of crimes, from failure of the will, to transgressions of the mind; better described as the uncontrollable versus the sins you knowingly commit. Canto V of Inferno is the most memorable, and erotic, Canto throughout the Divine Comedy. In this Canto, the reader witnesses the integration of sin with purity, symbolizing the duality of human nature. The allegorizations represent a duality in mankind’s freedom of choice; the choice to live a pure life or to commit sin. According to Dante a soul has the ability to intellectually reason. This ability means that each human is responsible for their own actions and choices as they might reason to control their natural appetites that lead to a sinful existence. The starving of one’s lustful appetite is connected to the ritualistic fasting, Lent, that Christians undertake in order to absolve themselves of sin and thus seek a closer intimacy with God. There is heavy symbol ism in Dante’s portrayal of Paolo and Francesca which reveals the dichotomy between sin and purity that exists in Canto V. Imagery plays a crucial role when it comes to seeing the duality of the second circle. The laws of contrapasso creates a parallel of crimes one committed in life to match the nature of punishment found in death. The atmosphere of the second circle is designed to be the punishment for those who choose their emotion over reason. Like how these sinners acted on lust, renouncing the reasonShow MoreRelatedGreat Gatsby Scarlet Letter Essay690 Words   |  3 Pageshave sex as part of a meaningful relationship, but are persecuted for it. These varying reactions are caused partially by the extreme contrast of environment between the two novels. Another factor is the different degrees of conscientiousness and its importance between the novels. Hester and Dimmesdale repent and seek forgiveness for their sins. They use their experience to make them better people, and by the end of the novel, both find themselves free of guilt. On the other hand, the charactersRead MoreVisual Analysis on Anne-Louis Gidelà ±s The Funeral of Atala1062 Words   |  4 PagesAtala being torn from her journey to heaven and hell since she killed herself which is a sin. There are many aspects in this painting that represent in depth ideas. Many areas of the painting confirm connect back to the concept of heaven and hell. For example, the bright encouraging lighting that shines on Atala and dark grave, the shovel that dug her grave with the hidden cross causing contradiction between God and the Devil, and lastly the difference from darkness representing hell and lightnessRead More Adultery in Great Gatsby Scarlet Letter Essay688 Words   |  3 Pageshave sex as part of a meaningful relationship, but are persecuted for it. These varying reactions are caused partially by the extreme contrast of environment between the two novels. Another factor is the different degrees of conscientiousness and its importance between the novels. Hester and Dimmesdale repent and seek forgiveness for their sins. They use their experience to make them better people, and by the end of the novel, both find themselves free of guilt. On the other hand, the characters inRead More Puritan Hypocrisy Exposed in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter1235 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Puritanical views of sin and evil.   The Puritans are constantly displayed as believing that evil comes from an unyielding bond being formed between love and hate.   For such reasons they looked towards Hesters commitment of adultery as an action of pure, condemned evil.   However, through the use of light and dark imagery, Hawthorne displays who truly holds evil in their hearts.   The one who is the embodiment of evil creates hypocrisy of Puritanical views towards sin and evil.   Hawthorne displaysRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown934 Words   |  4 Pagesserves not only as Goodman Brown’s wife but also a symbol of his faith in God. One of the most symbolic images that Faith presented in the story was her pink ribbon. In western culture, white is usually linked with purity while red is a symbol of sins. Pink, indeed, lies between the two symbolic colors may be a representation of Goodman Brown’s change in beliefs. At first, Goodman Brown believed in his wife as â€Å"a blessed angel on earth.† (2) Although he’s determined to enter the woods, he didRead MoreAllusions And Theme In The Goblin Market By Christina Rossetti1282 Words   |  6 Pagesgo buy this fruit with curious and passion. In the Genesis story, the serpent tempted Eve to eat the fruit to become like God, promising Eve that she â€Å"will not surely die† (Genesis 3:4-5). This promise led Eve, including Adam, to sin against God. The connection between the poem and the Genesis 3 is the purpose of the forbidden fruit; just like Eve was tempted to eat the fruit to become like God, Laura became hungry to ea t the fruit to submit to its taste. In addition, Rossetti focuses on the goblinsRead MoreConrad s Heart Of Darkness994 Words   |  4 Pagesassociations with Europeans and natives to argue that the success of a society depends on its level of morality, which is absent in imperialism. In Conrad’s novel, the level of morality of Europeans and natives are shown through the reverse relationship between Europeans and natives through their amount of restraint. During the boat ride to Kurtz, Marlow notices the native’s restraint towards man’s hardest temptation, hunger. Conrad shows that although the natives have starved compared to the well-fed EuropeansRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s East Of Eden1342 Words   |  6 Pageschoice between good and evil. He dramatizes the conflict between wickedness and purity within the Trask family and the main characters of the novel struggle with the inheritance of sin. Cyrus, the father of the Trask family, chooses evil by stealing money during his time in the Army. Charles, succumbs to jealousy of his brother, Adam. Cathy chooses evil at every opportunity she gets by manipulating and wounding others for her own pleasure. Cal, finds out about his family’s history of sin and worriesRead MoreA Romantic View Of H ester Prynne Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesMason Fleischauer Rahner Collegio Ms. Slevin and Mr. Arthur Final Draft A Romantic View of Hester Prynne Individualism, emotion and the purity and simplicity of nature are at the foundation of American Romanticism. Essays such as Thoreau’s Walden and Emerson’s â€Å"Self-Reliance† call on humans to look inward and avoid conformity in order to find meaning and purpose in life. Nathaniel Hawthorne is also sympathetic to these ideals, but in The Scarlet Letter, he conveys them in the format of a novel whereRead MoreLiterary Analyzes Of Young Goodman Brown1746 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresent society as a whole. They show how sin can tempt any individual whose faith is still developing. D. M. Mckeithan writes in her essay Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†: An Interpretation, â€Å"Goodman Brown is the everyman of average intelligence who is striving to live a good life† (94). He is someone who is respected in his community but has not made much of an effort to make himself well known. He has the reputation of one who has refrained from sin, but he is not known for doing any great deeds

How Evil Can One Be - 997 Words

How evil can one be? Husband committing a murder on his wife, father killing his daughter and animals experiencing humans hostile act is most disturbing yet realistic facts of the Dark Romanticism period. Romanticism is best described as a journey away from the corruption of civilization and the limits of rational thought and toward the integrity of nature and the freedom of imagination. Dark romanticism is a literary sub-genre of Romanticism. It talks about nature, human nature, and the past. Edgar Allan Poe is called one of the most â€Å"brilliant but erratic† authors. He used many gothic elements (i.e. grotesque characters, violence, and abnormal events) in his writings.†¦show more content†¦Geovanni thinks after noticing her closely â€Å" What is this being?...beautiful shall I call her ?...or inexpressibly terrible?†( 45). Giovanni sees how her inner beauty is not the same as her physical appearance. He is unable to accept the existence of evil in human nature since love made his understanding side blind. Doctor Rappaccini exposed Beatrice to a poison by hoping of making her durable. As a result, he made her hurt everything she touches, as well as Giovanni. Rappaccini s evil character turns out to be the reason for his own daughter’s death. Furthermore, Poe’s literature â€Å"The Black Cat† characterizes the narrator step by step. The main character had a cat and he hangs him to death. After killing the first cat, he is introduced to a new cat which looks the same as the last cat. The narrator is evil when he drinks but used to be a nice and animal loving. His horrific personality makes him lose his caring and extremely patient wife of his. After stopping him from the first cat, the narrator explains â€Å" Goaded, by the interference, into a rage more than demoniacal, I withdrew my arm from her grasp and buried the axe in her brain† (8). Home is supposed to be a place where people feel secure more than any other place. The narrator makes his home a living hell for his wife, cats, and himself. As a person who killed a cat and his wife, it should be expected to seeShow MoreRelatedA Bible Study Session At The Emanuel African Methodist Church1408 Words   |  6 Pagesknow, were good people. Why would God allow such evil to occur, especially in a church? Better yet, why does God allow any evil to occur? The Problem of Evil is that if an omnipotent, omniscient, and omnibenevolent god exists, then evil does not but evil exist. Therefore such a God does not exist. There are different ways to explain how both God and evil exist. Evil does exist in our world and it does because God gives mankind free will and that evil is necessary for good. Those who disagree willRead MoreEvil : Evil And Evil1300 Words   |  6 Pagespaper) is fundamentally good and moral, and is even unable to create evil, then how did evil come to be in the life we are living? According to the problem of evil, if there is a God, there is no evil. But because there is evil in the world, the conclusion can be drawn that there is no God (Sober). At first glance, this argument is perfectly logical. However, this claim may be reversed. For if one is indicating that there is evil in this world, they are believing that there has been a â€Å"line† drawnRead MoreShades of Evil in Cheshunt - the Gathering947 Words    |  4 Pagesuntil one comes who is empty: like a vessel who will gather the darkness into it, and enable infection to grow and extend like cancer. The vessel has come, the darkness now gathers† (page 84). Evil that gathers in Cheshunt comes in shades of colours: â€Å"fire-red† and â€Å"uniform-blue†. But each of these evils are defeated by â€Å"love-white†. The mental battle of evil and how evil can be abusive, aggressive and violent (fire-red) and the deceptiveness and dishonesty of authority (uniform – blue) can be hardRead MoreExploring the Idea of Evil Essay example1162 Words   |  5 Pagesattempted to understand what evil truly is, and, if possible, how to eliminate this evil from their lives. However, first it must be known what it is that is being eliminated. Different people, cultures, and eras have all had a different view of what evil is, and how it affects their lives, and there is no true answer. Because of this, discussing the ide a of whether people are born or can be evil is meaningless. The idea of what evil is, and whether people can be evil, is relative and cannot be appliedRead MoreThe Existence Of Evil : Evil1451 Words   |  6 Pages The existence of evil seems undeniable. As we progress through our lives and go through our everyday routines, we can see and acknowledge that evil is all around us. By simply turning on the news, we are immediately bombarded with reports of violent murders, dangerous storms, robberies and a new dangerous disease affecting half of the countries in the world. There is no denying that people suffer because we have experienced pain and suffering ourselves. At one point or another in our lives, we areRead MoreWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay872 Words   |  4 Pagesplaying a part of how they act. When the boys started to hunt they would like to kill pigs for fun. At one point they thought of it like a sport. Jack one the characters in the book would make fun of pigg y for being fat and wearing glasses. This is due because jack has certain genes that already make him not like piggy. Humans are born with genes that determine how they act and what they do. Humans are born with good or evil; There surroundings allow good or evil to thrive. A persons evil genes prosperRead MoreEvil is Not Inherent: A Persuasive Essay1138 Words   |  5 Pagesliving, evil is not inherent and can change or influence a person’s aspect of the world based on the community they are in. Evil is the force of things that are morally wrong and the matter of suffering, wrongdoing and misfortune (Merriam Webster). Evil is not inherent because an evil community can change or influence a person’s way of thinking, can consume people the more they are relinquished to it, and can mold a person when a person has power or feel a certain way. Furthermore, evil can be claimRead MoreThe Duality Within People By Christopher Nolan s The Dark Knight1278 Words   |  6 Pagesstruggle between good and evil is seen within human nature, as it is one of the most complex and controversial topics analyzed by many philosophers since the Ancient Greeks. The confrontation and differences of good and evil are displayed in Christopher Nolan’s The Dark Knight, through the character of Harvey Dent, who becomes Two-Face. Two-Face plays a crucial role for the understanding of human nature, as he is a manifestation of the inner turmoil of good versus evil that resides within peopleRead MoreThe Dark Knight and Defining Evil Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesBased on the excerpt from Evil: A Primer, William Hart goes through a painstaking process in trying to pin down the definition of evil. â€Å"Despite five thousand years of recorded human wrong doing, despite all that out prophets and scholars and poets and undead homicidal maniacs have told us, the origin and definition of evil remain impossible to pin down† (Hart 2). Hart tries to define evil and in the end he is able to boil the root of evil to a lengthy list of criteria and an empty definition.Read MoreGood Vs. Evil In Lord Of The Flies And Beowulf944 Words   |  4 Pagesv. Evil, it’s way more than just a concept, it’s more of a lifelong struggle insi de of you. What more could you do when evil is shown all around you? Many of us may see the struggle between good and evil in the people we come across everyday. Flawed individuals may be perceived as good but are bad in the eyes of someone else; it all comes down to how you see it. The exposure to things and memories you make help impact the good in you. In order to further evaluate the argument of how good can come

Business Macroeconomics Global Financial Downfall

Question: Describe about the Business Macroeconomics for Global Financial Downfall. Answer: Introduction: When most of the world was staggering behind because of the start of the global financial downfall during the end of the first decade of the millennium, the only country that managed to stay steady was South Africa. This is solely because of its robust monetary and fiscal policies. In order to provide an overview of the economy of South Africa, it is necessary to get acquainted about its socio political situations as well as the socioeconomic structures (Asongu 2014). The country is very stable in terms of politics and possesses a well-capitalized banking system. The country is also rich in terms of natural resources and the regulatory systems of the country are quite efficient. The research and developments sector is very advanced and strong with wide development capabilities along with a sound base of manufacturing sector. The World Bank ranked South Africa as the second largest economy in Africa after Nigeria in the segment of Upper Middle Class Economy in the year 2014. As per th e empirics provided by the World Bank the GDP or Gross Domestic Product of the country was estimated to be $ 350.1 billion and the population of the country was estimated to be 54 million (Berg et al. 2015). According to the World Economic Forum the per capita GDP of South Africa is $ 6483. The country because of its rich nature was incorporated in the BRICS countries in the year 2011. Now the effectiveness of the monetary and fiscal policies adopted by the governing body of South Africa will be evaluated. In the preceding months the global landscape had been dominated by the United Kingdoms decision of leaving the European Union. The situation of the global economy is becoming more uncertain with the passage of time because of the assessments of these developments (Inchauste et al. 2015). However, there is a lack of proper clarity of the particular process going forward and this has had significant impact over the growth and rate of interest. The South African financial market have been overflowed specifically by the exchange rate, therefore the direct impact of over the growth rate of South Africa along with the trade are very likely to be restricted (Debrun and Masson 2013). On the downside domestic growth has surprised again while the outlook was constrained. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation were found out to be 6.1 percent in the month of May and afterwards I the month of June it increased to 6.3 percent. However, in the month of April the food price inflation was measured to be 11.3 percent and after that in June it fell slightly and became 11 percent. Goods price inflation increased to 6.7 percent while it was 6.6 percent in May (Combes et al. 2014). The core inflation as measured by bank that excludes electricity, fuel and food was increased to 5.6 percent from 5.5 percent. Again the producer price inflation measured for the finally produced goods depicted a continuous downward trend it declined from 7.0 percent in June to nearly 6.5 percent in May. This is mainly because of the moderations made in the price inflation of foods, beverages and tobacco products. The rising prices of the crops especially cereals and other crops depicted that the effect of drought is still there (Habib 2013). The price of the live animals was also showing an upward rising trend. Presently the inflation forecast as stated by the bank portrayed a marginal improvement when compared with the previous forecasts. However, the rate of inflation is still expected to rise in this year also and is expected to reach its target level of 3-6 percent by the end of the third quarter of 2017. In the year 2016 the rate of inflation is expected to maintain an average of 6.6 percent, while in 2017 it is expected to maintain an average of 6.0 percent (Ndikumana 2014). The outcome of the referen dum of United Kingdom affected the situation of the global economy as a whole. There was a high degree of volatility evident in the financial markets; however, it was stabilized to some extent at a later stage. Although, the long term real impacts of this referendum are expected to be negative in the context of global growth and that too particularly in the United Kingdom and in Europe. This is because the investments decisions were pending while there was the transition period (Kawai 2015). Effectiveness of the Fiscal Policy: During the four months since the government of South Africa presented the Medium Term Budget policy Statement of 2015, the economic environment of the country started to deteriorate significantly, by bringing down the GDP growth and the revenue projection of South Africa. There was a remarkable increase in the bond yield while the rand exchange rate fell 14 percent in exchange of the US dollar (Hajj et al. 2013). This downturn was partly because of the weakening of the global outlook. The prices of the commodity decreased, while risk aversion along with the rate of interest increased significantly in the developed countries. This have leaded to an outflow of substantial amount of capital and thereby resulting into currency depreciation in the developing countries. The slowdown of the economy also reflected a lack of confidence among the consumers and the investors of South Africa. The expected growth rate was further fallen because of the energy constraints. Moreover, the recent drought conditions have reduced the agricultural output and thereby increased the prices of the food products. Investors responded negatively to the changes proposed in the financial framework on 9th December in the last year (Lundahl and Petersson 2013). This has raised questions about the robust fiscal management of South Africa and thereby increased the premium of government debt. During the end of the year 2015, rating agencies cited the poor prospects of economic growth and other concerns, either adversely affected the sovereign credit ratings of South Africa for foreign currency debt or damaged the outlook of the country (Guzman et al. 2014). The impact of an event like this, even if it were going to take place were very difficult to predict. Moreover, this downgrading would lead to a spike in the rate of interest and will weaken the rand exchange rate further. In other words it will reverse the capital flow and will definitely trigger a recession. In a situation like this a well-equipped fiscal measure is necessary to restore the situation of the public finance to a sustainable level (Leubolt et al. 2014). Since 2012, the government of South Africa has efficiently maintained infrastructure and social programs. Although the sluggish rate of economic growth has affected the revenue collection putting constraints over the particular resource to mitigate the budget deficit. These are the considerations that compelled the government of South Africa to design and implement additional measures regarding revenue and expenditure over the medium turn (Fritz and Prates 2014). The budget proposals of 2016 were aimed at reinforcing the commitment of the government towards a robust and sustainable fiscal trajectory and react efficiently towards the redesigned circumstances that has aroused since the implementation of the MTBPS of 2015. In the next three years the government has proposed to lower the ceiling of expenditure, bolster the tax revenue, effectively manage the fiscal risk resulting from the state owned enterprises and also strictly restrict the growth of compensation budget (Gossel and Biekpe 2013). After the implementation of this framework it is expected that the budget deficit will be eliminated more rapidly as compared to the time that was announced during the time of MTBPS of 2015. In the financial year 2016-17 the government of South Africa will definitely achieve a primary consolidated surplus and revenue will exceed over the non interest spending (Caldern et al. 2016). The budget deficit will come down from 3.2 percent in 2016-17 to 2.8 percent in the financial year 2017-18 and furthermore in the upcoming years. Now in order to achieve these fiscal goals the government of South Africa has proposed the following, It will raise the revenue with the help of an efficient tax policy measure that will raise the revenue to R 18.1 billion and further R 15 billion in the next two subsequent years. It will lower the ceiling of expenditure by R 10 billion in the year 2017-18 and R 15 million in the year 2018-19 by curtailing the compensation budgets, along with the efficient framework to restrict hiring. Reprioritizing an amount of R 31.8 billion in the next three years in order to mitigate the new needs of spending without raising the envelop of total expenditure. In relation to the projections stated in the MTBPS of 2015, these measures will give rise to an additional fiscal consolidation of R 18 billion in the financial year 2016-17 along with R 25 billion and R30 billion in the financial years 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively (Caldern and Nguyen 2016). The government of South Africa is committed towards eradicating its medium term budget deficits and will evidently take additional steps for achieving its commitments. The proposition of further budget may interchange the combination of revenue and expenditure measures without disturbing the overall size of the alliance. Reforms in tax policy for boosting revenue: The budget of 2016 proposes that the tax will increase R 48 billion during the next three financial years compared to the MTBPS 2015 estimates. In the financial year 2016-17 an additional amount of R 7.6 billion revenue will be increased by constraining the relief for the effect of inflation on personal income tax (Svensson 2015). Rise in the fuel levy along with the specific duties of excise will sum up to an amount of R 9.5 billion while on the other hand, adjustments in the capital gains tax and the transfer duties will amount to R 2 billion. Lowering the ceiling of expenditure: The budget proposals of 2016 have proposed to reduce the baseline expenditure growth by R 25 billion over the period of MTEF as compared with the estimates of MTBPS of 2015. This reduction of R 10 billion and R 15 billion in 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively will be implemented to the compensation budgets of provincial and national departments (Ali et al 2014). This measure in order to be effective the appointments for the purpose of filling up the administrative as well as the managerial vacancies will be blocked on the payroll system of the government. National treasury which is working along with the provincial treasury coupled with the Department of Public Service and Administration will only authorize appointments only when the concerned department has presented a clear plan of human resource that is aligned with the reduced compensated budget and better efficiency. Reprioritizing for the needs of new spending: The government of South Africa has also responded to the new spending needs except from compromising with the expenditure limits. In order to avoid reduction in budget that may negatively affect the delivery of services to the poor of South Africa, it has been dealt with additional care. The budget of 2016 proposes to reprioritize the spending which is nearly R 31.8 billion compared to the MTEF period for supporting higher education and Contribution of South Africa for the New Development Bank. Moreover, in addition to this another R 3.5 billion will be added to this amount in the contingency reserves in 2016/17 for the purpose of mitigating the macroeconomic risks (Ali et al 2014). These are briefly the steps taken by the government of South Africa to protect the country from the global downfall. Therefore, this is precisely the effectiveness of the fiscal policy framework. Now, the study will focus on the effectiveness of the monetary policy adopted by the government of South Africa. Effectiveness of the Monetary Policy: The monetary policy adopted by the government of a country is generally a combination of processes that helps the monetary authority of that country to control the supply of money. It sometimes uses the inflation rate or the interest rate in order to ensure stable price and enhance the trust in currency. The evolution of monetary policy in South Africa has been quite significant. The monetary authority of South Africa has adopted three types of monetary policy at the first stage that is during 1970 the monetary policy was of Direct Control Regime then came the Liquidity ratio asset based system afterwards it has adopted a new monetary policy in 2000 it was the Inflation targeting framework. The monetary policy system of South Africa has been able to face the development and economic challenges effectively and efficient in both the domestic as well as the foreign countries (Isaacs 2014). The inflation targeting policy in which the central bank announces a targeted interest rate and policies are designed in accordance with that to achieve that target interest rate. It has been observed that the unanticipated contractionary monetary policy of South Africa affected the output of South Africa and it has also been observed that it lowers the level of output. Therefore, it also suggests that the unanticipated monetary policy has nominal effects as well that left the price level at a lower level. In accordance with the relationship between inflation and output the reserve bank of the country were able to maintain the Friedmans hypothesis. The hypothesis states that an increase in the level of inflation reduces the functional information of price movements along with hindering the contracting in the long run. In South Africa a contractionary monetary policy also affected the consumption expenditure. An increase in the rate of interest lowers the level of consumption by reducing the level of disposable income. Disposable income is that income which is available to the households after paying the taxes and mortgage payments. Tightening the monetary policy will impact on both the household wealth and credits (Isaacs 2014). As per the reserve bank of South Africa the country has reached a current account deficit amounting to 216202 million ZAR during the financial year 2013. At the same time the deficit in trade balance reached 14205 million ZAR. The trade balance of South Africa as a percentage of Gross Domestic Output has increased since the year 2003 (Isaacs 2014). These deficits in the trade balance is best explained by the lowering of exports of commodities taken together with high imports of fuel and value added goods. The effects of contractionary monetary policy and the exchange rate appreciation measure on the balance of trade in South Africa are compared. It is found that the exchange rate appreciation measure worsens the trade balance of the country when compared with the contractionary monetary policy. The government of the country also focused on some other aspects of the economy in order to boost up the growth rate (Martorano et al. 2014). It has started using the public resources for boos ting the economic activity by giving priority to the actions that directly affects the economy as a whole. Therefore, the fiscal policy of the South African government can also be regarded as a efficient one, but not as efficient as the fiscal policy. Reference List: Ali, M., Fjeldstad, O.H. and Sjursen, I.H., 2014. To pay or not to pay? Citizens attitudes toward taxation in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and South Africa.World Development,64, pp.828-842. Asongu, S., 2014. Are proposed African monetary unions optimal currency areas? Real, monetary and fiscal policy convergence analysis.African Journal of Economic and Management Studies,5(1), pp.9-29. Berg, A., OConnell, S., Pattillo, C., Portillo, R. and Unsal, F., 2015. Monetary policy issues in sub-Saharan Africa.The Oxford Handbook of Africa and Economics: Volume 2: Policies and Practices, p.62. Caldern, C. and Nguyen, H., 2016. The Cyclical Nature of Fiscal Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of African Economies. Caldern, C., Duncan, R. and Schmidtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Hebbel, K., 2016. Do Good Institutions Promote Countercyclical Macroeconomic Policies?.Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. Combes, J.L., Debrun, X., Minea, A. and Tapsoba, R., 2014. Inflation Targeting and Fiscal Rules: Do Interactions and Sequencing Matter?. Debrun, X. and Masson, P.R., 2013. Modelling monetary union in Southern Africa: Welfare evaluation for the CMA and SADC.South African Journal of Economics,81(2), pp.275-291. Fritz, B. and Prates, D., 2014. The new IMF approach to capital account management and its blind spots: lessons from Brazil and South Korea.International Review of Applied Economics,28(2), pp.210-239. Gossel, S.J. and Biekpe, N., 2013. The Cyclical Relationships Between South Africa's Net Capital Inflows and Fiscal and Monetary Policies.Emerging Markets Finance and Trade,49(2), pp.64-83. Guzman, M., Ocampo, A. and Stiglitz, J., 2014. Real Exchange Rate Policies for Economic Development.Department of Trade and Industry, Pretoria, South Africa. Habib, A., 2013.South Africas suspended revolution: Hopes and prospects. Ohio University Press. Hajj, F.A., Dufrnot, G., Sugimoto, K. and Wolf, R., 2013. Reactions to Shocks and Monetary Policy Regimes: Inflation Targeting Versus Flexible Currency Board in Ghana, South Africa and the WAEMU. Inchauste, G., Lustig, N., Maboshe, M., Purfield, C. and Woolard, I., 2015. The distributional impact of fiscal policy in South Africa.Policy Research working paper,7194. Isaacs, G., 2014. The myth of neutrality and the rhetoric of stability: macroeconomic policy in democratic South Africa. Kawai, M., 2015. International Spillovers of Monetary Policy: US Federal Reserve's Quantitative Easing and Bank of Japan's Quantitative and Qualitative Easing. Leubolt, B., Fischer, K. and Saha, D., 2014. Are targeting and universalism complementary or competing paradigms in social policy? Insights from Brazil India and South Africa.International Journal of Labour Research,6(1), p.75. Lundahl, M. and Petersson, L., 2013. Post-apartheid South Africa: an economic success story?.Achieving Development Success: Strategies and Lessons from the Developing World, p.232. Martorano, B., Cornia, G.A. and Stewart, F., 2014. Human Development and Fiscal Policy.Towards Human Development: New approaches to macroeconomics and inequality, p.221. Ndikumana, L., 2014.Implications of monetary policy for credit and investment in sub-Saharan African countries(No. 356). PERI Working Paper. Svensson, L.E., 2015, October. Monetary Policy and Macroprudential Policy: Different and Separate. InFederal Reserve Bank of Boston Conference Macroprudential Monetary Policy.

Othello Essays (457 words) - Othello, Iago, Michael Cassio, Emilia

The story of Othello is of the Moor for Venice that is too trusting. Othello is made to believe that his new wife Desdemona is having an affair with one of his officers name Cassio, by which he believes to be his trusted friend Iago. The introduction of Othello is of Iago conversation with Rodrigo about his anger over not receiving the lieutenant position that Cassio has just been given by Othello. This conversation sets the story and immediately displays Iagos hatred toward Cassio and Othello. Also shows Iago?s ways of deception and manipulation. In Othello the rising actions are of Iago and Rodrigo plans to have Cassio demoted from his lieutenant position by making sure that Othello witnesses him fighting while drunk. This is the first step in Iagos plan of the demise of Othello and Cassio. Igao continues his plan by first implying to Othello about the affair, then when Othello want proof of his lie, Iago plants Desdemona?s handkerchief, which was taken by Igao?s wife Emilia, in Cassios room. Iago then makes sure that Othello sees Cassio wiping his brow with the handkerchief he gave Desdemona. After seeing this Othello plans to have Cassio killed and once he is killed then Othello will Desdemona for her affair. Gomez 2 The Climax of Othello is the playing out of Othello?s plan to have Cassio killed and then kill Desdemona. Iago has Rodrigo attack Cassio by which he gets injured, but during the brawl Iago actually attacks Rodrigo and kills he so we will not say anything about his plan. Once Othello believes that Iago has killed Cassio, he proceeds with his plan to kill Desdemona. After Othello kills Desdemona Emilia, wife of Iago, sees what he has done and tells everyone. As everyone does in to see Desdemona Othello why he did and the entire truth comes out of Iago?s plan. To not have Emilia tell anyone of his plan Iago kills her. Although Othello finds out that Desdemona did not have an affair and that his friend Cassio did not betray him, there is still no resolution to the story of Othello. Iago refuses to tell anyone about why he made this plan to destroy Othello and Cassio. In the end Othello is so upset about what is gullibility has caused that he stabs himself and as a result of that he dies, but not before he stabs Iago for not telling the truth of why he did what he did. Iago?s plan not only led to the destruction of Othello and Cassio?s life but Desdemona, Emilia and his own life. At the end of Othello Iago ended up not reviling why he did what he did.

Airline Sky Miles Essays

Airline Sky Miles Essays Airline Sky Miles Essay Airline Sky Miles Essay The contemporaneous business industry is significantly different from how it used to be only a few decades ago. The primary change that occurred regarded the nature of the business. As such, in the past, business activities had a more practical and technological nature and they were generally product oriented; but today, they have become more human oriented. For instance, during the twentieth century, the focus was on the products manufactured and the technologies used, without much emphasis on the human resource or on customer satisfaction.So low was the interest towards customer satisfaction, that Henry Ford even said once that his customers could have their cars made in any color they desired, as long as this color was black. Today however, the industrial sector places increased emphasis on both employees as well as customers. Employees have transformed from the people operating the machines into the company’s most vital resources and the customers are the forces that drive businesses. An industry sector which is extremely relevant of this change in the nature of the businesses conducted is the airline sector.There are numerous airline companies that compete against each other on the market and strive to present customers with the best products and services. Furthermore, these companies invest millions of dollars each year in order to improve the quality of their products and increase customer satisfaction. A more and more common means of achieving this is that of offering customers the possibility to fly for free or, at least, to benefit of deductions and special offers. 2. Emergence of airline sky milesAirline sky miles programs were first initiated in order to attract more customers. Delta Airlines was one of the first companies to ever implement these programs which were soon adopted by most national and international airline companies. The basic principle of acquiring additional sky miles is that of purchasing airline products and services, gathering value points proportionally to the fees paid and then using these value points to pay for future services. The practice has spread around the globe generally due to its benefits and its easiness.There are numerous possibilities of acquiring sky miles, but the most common one is through credit cards. By paying the airline fees with credit cards, the customer can earn air miles. The amount of miles earned per fee depends on the airline companies. For instance, Delta Airlines and Blue Airlines grant customers one mile for a dollar paid. (Dial Abroad, 2007) As such, if one pays $350 for a ticket, he will be granted the right to fly 350 miles for free. Capital One on the other hand grants customers 1. 25 miles for each dollar spent.This means that for a $350 ticket, the buyer can earn 437. 5 air miles, 87. 5 extra miles that those offered by Delta or Blue Airlines. Among the most common credit cards that earn customers free sky miles are: Delta Sky Miles Gold Credit Card, Starwood Preferred Guest Credit Card from American Express, Hilton Honors Platinum Card from American Express, British Airways Visa Signature Card, Continental Airlines World MasterCard from Chase, United Mileage Plus Platinum Business Card or Alaska Airlines Visa Signature Credit Card. Credit Federal, 2007) When they first emerged onto the market, the air miles were aimed to attract more customers and could only be used for flying services. However, in time they have evolved at such a level that they are now able to significantly influence the airline industry and the customer satisfaction at unforeseen levels. 3. Marketing Mix The marketing mix of the sky miles is composed of four features: product, place, price and promotion.The product related issues have to answer to questions in regard to brand name, functionality, quality, safety, support, services, accessories and warranties. Place (distribution) related issues regard distribution channels, market coverage, specific channel members, warehousing or distribution centers. Price related issues answer to questions in regard to the retail price, payment possibilities and discounts. Promotion decisions regard advertising campaigns, a marketing budget and public relations. (Net MBA, 2007) Product Sky miles are transportation benefits earned from previous purchases of airline products and services They can be used for several purposes, such as, but not limited to, plane flights, car rentals, shopping from airport stores, hotel reservations, or any other services provided by airline companies and their partners Sky miles’ brand name is t hat of the airline company that issues them (for example Delta Sky Miles or American Express Sky Miles). The brand name represents the issuer’s promise of high quality and commitment. Sky miles can be issued as nominal titles or they can be bearer miles. The bearer sky miles can easily be sold, donated or transferred to a tertiary party. For instance, in 2004, the United States Department of Defense initiated the Operation Hero Miles which allowed American citizens to donate their unused sky miles to the soldiers wounded in battles and to their families. (Luckach, 2005) Earning points through credit card payment grants numerous benefits for the customers.For instance, the Gold Delta Sky Miles Credit Card offers buyers 15,000 bonus miles with the first purchase; 2,500 bonus miles for adding an additional card member; no annual fee for the first year- a savings of $85; one mile for every other eligible dollar spent (American Express, 2007) Sky miles have a minimum period of accumulation, for instance a customers can only use his miles after a period of three months from enrolment in the program Sky miles have a maximum period of validity, meaning for instance that they would have to be spent in a time period of six months since the last purchase.However there exists a possibility of avoiding this disadvantage as the clients are not obliged to fly within that period but only to acquire their tickets. As such, at the expiration of the six months, customers can purchase a ticket and only use it after another three additional months, or whatever future date they choose. Place The place of distribution refers to the means of delivering the sky miles to the final customers Customers can directly earn their air miles by purchasing services at the airport counter, directly from the airline company, from the airline company’s partners (such as hotels or car rental agencies), through the airline company’s online purchase services Clients can als o indirectly get sky miles by buying them from other customers. For example, several customers earn sky miles and then sell them on the internet. There are numerous advertisement websites that contain adds regarding sky miles sales.EBay hosts on their travel category numerous such advertisements. One of them includes 2,000 Delta sky miles; the add expires on October 31, 2007 and has a starting bid of $10. 50 (eBay, 2007) The market coverage of the sky miles depends on each company’s market share and other features that strengthen or weaken the company and consequently their issued air miles The special channels of distribution refer to the issuers’ business partners and online purchases Since sky miles are service related rather than products, a special storage or warehousing is unnecessary.Price Sky miles are services that are earned, rather than paid for However, they are not free and they are established proportionally with the amount of products and services p reviously acquired from the issuer. For instance, most companies offer one mile for one dollar spent, but this varies based on each issuer’s internal policies There are price variations based on the buyer’s relationship with the airline company that issues the sky miles.As such, Delta Airlines offers one mile per one dollar on general purchases and two miles for one dollar at participating retailers (Knox, 2006) When indirectly purchasing the sky miles from a customer who desires to sell them the price is negotiated between the two parties and it considers the number of miles, their transferability and their particular usage possibilities Also included in the air miles prices is the process through which the customer earns the miles.As such, in the case of the credit cards, clients have to pay for the account maintenance costs The annual fees of the credit card vary form an airline company to the other. Generally, most companies offer a six to twelve months period which is free of charges. After this period has expired, some companies demand fees while others do not.For instance, the Gold Delta Sky Miles Credit Card has an annual fee of $85 starting with the second year, while the Blue Sky Mile Credit Card from American Airlines charges no fee for the entire validity of the credit card. Other companies have annual fees of $19 (Miles Edge), $55 (Northwest Airlines) or $75 (British Airways). (Credit Cards, 2007) Promotion The sky miles are in their essence promotional services used to attract more customers and increase their level of satisfaction.Even so, issuers need to implement several promotional strategies that familiarize customers with the services The marketing departments within each airline company enquires customers as to their content regarding the company’s products and services and develops strategies to improve them, based on a well defined budget The advertising campaigns developed generally focus on the benefits of t he sky miles, the easiness of using them and their multiple features, such as the possibility to use them while renting hotel rooms or cars and also the possibility of reselling them to other customers The core of the advertising campaigns is generally the airport, where companies directly present their products and services to the final customer The advertising campaigns can also take the form of television advertisements, radio announcements, street banners and flyers as well as online publicity. 4. Effects upon the airline industry Sky miles were initially granted to customers in order to attract them. From their emergence up to present times, the sky miles have developed in form and usage possibilities and are now features that influence the global airline industry. Their effects are best represented in two directions. First of all, air miles increase customers’ satisfaction in regard to the issuer’s products and services. Secondly, they influence the airline ind ustry in the meaning that they increase the competition among airline companies. Increased customer satisfactionAir miles are a most efficient means of attracting customers, familiarizing them with the company’s products, services and policies and increasing their fidelity to the issuer. The concept is based on the reward strategy and the sky miles are presented as the company’s reward for their customers. Being granted additional traveling opportunities, customers become more content with the airline company and tent to return. Furthermore, not only that they increases existent customers’ fidelity to the issuer, sky miles are also a guarantee of new customers. For instance, when considering a flight, be it for social or business purposes, most travelers look into the company’s benefits.If they find that one company offers more miles for a spent dollar or has lower annual fees for credit cards, they are likely to pick that company. The increased number of customers generates the company increased demand of their products and services. This offers the issuer the opportunity to expand and develop his business, leading to his registration of higher sales revenues. Consider that the large majority of the airline companies operating on the market are striving to present their customers with high quality products and services. This means that the customers are offered a wide palette of services from which they chose those that best meet their needs. As such, the sky miles represent a selection criterion for those searching for the perfect flight.All in all, increased customer satisfaction generates increased customer needs and expectations. On a market where customers become more exigent and demanding with every day, airline companies have to constantly develop their strategies, products and services. But not only do they have to improve and develop in order to satisfy customer needs, they must also develop in order to remain competitive on the market, this being the second effect sky miles have upon the airline industry. Increased competition among airline companies The competition between airline companies is generated by their desire to number as many customers as possible, register high incomes, develop, expand and become leaders on the market.This competition directly affects the entire airline industry in the meaning that: It forces companies to constantly develop, deliver better products and services and consequently improve the overall image of the airline industry It forces companies to expand, hire more workers and as such create more jobs and reduce the unemployment rate Strong airline companies register increased revenues, ergo pay more taxes. The collected taxes aid the community and sustain other developing industries It forces companies to function based on the concept survival of the fittest. The strongest companies will survive, while the weakest ones will have to cease their operation. 5. Concl usions Sky miles are travel services offered by airline companies as a reward of previous purchase of the company’s products or services.They are generally earned through payments with credit cards and they can be used for flights, car rentals, hotel rooms’ rentals or for shopping from airport stores or other partners’ stores. Air miles are easy to use, have numerous applications and can even be sold, donated or transferred. The costs of purchasing sky miles are generally reduced, but these vary with each issuer. The costs include the amount of dollars clients have to pay in order to earn a mile and the annual fees demanded by some issuers. Air miles were basically used by airline companies as a promotion strategy aimed to attract more customers. However, currently, the sky miles hold a growing role with the airline industry as they lead to increased customer demands and increased competition between the airline companies operating on the market.Sky miles repres ent a selection criterion when choosing an airline company; they increase the issuer’s number of customers and subsequently his sales revenues; they force companies to continually develop; they create more jobs and they improve the overall image of the airline industry.

Remembering Our First Stage of Education

Remembering Our First Stage of Education Most people have  good memories  of their elementary school days and one of them is recollections of a certain beloved teacher. Why not all? The result of  study  about successful and well-remembered elementary school teachers suggest that most of them actually enjoy working with kids, having fun and always happy to be with them. They can easily communicate with children; familiar with children’s needs, and always willing to understand. Memories of a Person Who Truly Loves Kids Pupils’ idea of a good elementary school  teacher  can be classified into three general categories – personal qualities, relationship with pupils, and teaching techniques. Study of students in grade 2 through 8 suggests that most of them frequently recall teachers who helped them in their work, kind, patient, polite, neatly dressed, friendly in and out class, and with a sense of humor. Moreover, in order of frequency, beloved and easily remembered teachers are those who are kind and thoughtful, having fun with kids, often in good mood, agreeable, friendly with a nice smile, considerate, smart and well-informed. Easily recalled #ElementaryMoments with beloved teacher seems linked to personal and behavioral characteristics associated with teaching efficiency. In practice, this is the ability of an elementary school teacher to create a learning atmosphere for kids, motivate them to take risks in the learning process, become more inventive and accept new ideas. These teachers according to literature are those who take a student of her or his normal frame of reference and help them see new possibilities even in complicated situations through humor. DEVELOPING STUDENTS CREATIVITY AND SELF-EXPRESSION THROUGH CRAYONS Memories of Effective and Inspiring Elementary School Teachers Most people have an implicit and internal definition of effective teaching. Most of us can easily distinguish a good teacher from a bad teacher. Everyone seems knowledgeable of what actually constitutes good teaching such as Ms. May and Mrs. Moody’s former elementary school  students who remembered them as funny but effective teachers. Ms. Daisy May is a kind of teacher who always starts the class with a smile. She is serious about teaching and often gives her students a lot of work. However, despite the difficulty, her great sense of humor made her classroom both fun and educational. Ms. May is kind and friendly in and out of the class but she never jokes about her class requirements. For instance, she was upset and failed almost the entire class when her students did not buy the book she required. Mrs. L. Moody, on the other hand, is a  sixth-grade teacher who is frequently remembered for her energy. She was loud, funny, but serious to her teaching like Ms. May. Although the qualities sound contradictory, Ms. Moody is an effective elementary school teacher who inspired many of her former students (now successful teachers) to pursue a teaching career. These teachers are best remembered for balancing classroom fun and learning. Their ability to â€Å"break the ice† and make students truly excited about coming to class and learn to separate them from the rest. They have the personal, relational, and teaching skills of an effective teacher that most students regard as best #ElementaryMoments.

Marketing Mix of Domino's pizza Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing Mix of Domino's pizza - Case Study Example This research will begin with the statement that in the United Kingdom, the number of the fast food and home delivery restaurants including McDonalds, KFC AND Domino’s Pizza continues to increase rapidly as is the trend for the past five years. The restaurant's explosion in the high-street outlets represents the lucrative feature of the industry, constituting the resulting large amount of competition in the market. The increased competition is a factor notable as a cause for the increased value of sales as experienced by the various participants in the industry. This implies that the consumer has a better access to the restaurants, as they facilitate the services to the customers. However, recent developments in the industry, entailing the increased negative publicity in the market presents a remarkable challenge to the success of the operators. Consequently, the restaurants sought to dispel these trials in the market. Thus, Domino’s Pizza as a leading operator in the m arket, sought the establishment of strategic procedures to counter the issue. Further, their strategy also sought to engage the customers accordingly, increasing the revenue from sales, as well as, facilitating the expansive operations of the business, taking it to the top in the leading operators in the market. This procedural engagement by Domino’s Pizza entailed the establishment of 7P’s of the marketing mix, in their procedural engagement of the customers and establishment of services.

To what extent do socia factors such as age, gender, social status or Essay

To what extent do socia factors such as age, gender, social status or ethnicity correlate with linguistic variable - Essay Example This means that social factors like age, gender, social status and ethnicity are closely associated with language variation. â€Å" Miscommunication can occur when a member of one social group addresses a member of another social group†. ( Cutting Joan, 2002 ). Socio-linguistics is the branch of linguistics that studies language in relation to society. Socio-linguistics is partly theoretical and partly empirical – partly a matter of going out and amassing a body of facts and partly of sitting back and thinking. Hence if we want to examine the correlation between language variation and social factors, we have to investigate language samples from various parts of the world and a couple of studies carried out by researchers in this regard. Let us first consider the age factor. We do not expect an adult to babble like a child. Adult speech is notably different. Young boys and girls also use a different kind of language from adults in the same community. Youths are always ke en to maintain the generation gap. This tendency is reflected in the way they create their own codes like whistling, and certain words whose meanings they share with peers. This can be called ‘teenage slang’, which ‘serves as a mark of membership and solidarity’. ... The vocabulary is as transient as the popularity. Teenage slang can include words, phrases, dialogues, characteristic tones, strange pronunciations and also syntactic patterns. Without doubt, it would sound out-of-place and shocking if a respectable adult uses teenage style of speech. This shows that the age factor is closely related to age factor. Gender is another important factor that affects speech. In most communities, men and women do not use identical language. Just as sounds like /s/, /f/ and /l/ have a typical onomatopoeic bearing, certain sounds are feminine in nature. At the lexical level, ‘adjectives like lovely, darling and cute may carry feminine associations, as do words that describe precise shades of color like mauve---‘. ( Finegan Edward, 1999 ) In some languages like Japanese, there is a dramatic difference between the speech of men and women. Here are two examples: 1. Oh dear, you’ve put the butter in the refrigerator again. 2. Damn, you have pu t the butter in the refrigerator again. Anyone can easily guess that utterance (1) above is uttered by a woman and (2) by a man. Women are also generally observed to be more talkative and speak in a higher pitch compared to men. The topics of discussion also differ among men and women. Some forms used by men in Koasati Indians of Louisiana are also used by middle-aged women in the community. This shows that linguistic variability can be accounted for by the role that people play in their community. Men play the authoritative role. The same authority is enjoyed by elderly women, hence, the similarity in language. In many Oriental languages, the second person plural is used by women even to address a single man, in

Ozone Depletion and Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Ozone Depletion and Global Warming Essay There is no doubt that global warming is fast becoming a serious issue at this time. However, not all people are aware of the negative effects that global warming and ozone depletion can bring. They are also not aware of the fact that their day-to-day actions can contribute largely to the phenomenon. While ozone depletion and global warming is hard to deal with, there are numerous ways where people can contribute to the environment so that the situation will not become much worse than what is seen today. If people would like to help improve the environment, they should start within themselves by changing some of the ways they run the household. Recycling and reusing is a very practical thing to do especially nowadays when everything is high in terms of their cost. Recycling can decrease the amount of garbage that will be sent out to landfills. People should also choose to buy products made out of recycled materials. It is also important to conserve energy by turning appliances off when they are not in use, or by using Energy Star qualified products, or by modifying the house and using green power or installing solar panels. Spreading the word and participating in activities and programs that support the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions can also significantly help. Changing household ways can be easier compared to that of the workplace setting because there are less people to instruct and there are fewer appliances to check. Still, when working, people should always utilize office equipment such that they are only used when needed. Things that are not usually used should be powered off but things that are mostly used should not be turned off every time because constantly switching them on and off can use up more energy. Employees and companies should also make it a point to recycle and reuse their materials, especially paper. Papers should only be used for important communication or reports. Other less important things should be communicated through the Internet by email or instant messages.

Irish Immigration 18001880 Essay -- essays papers

Irish Immigration 18001880 INTRODUCTION The history of Ireland "that most distressful nation" is full of drama and tragedy, but one of the most interesting stories is about what happened to the Irish during the mid-nineteenth century and how millions of Irish came to live in America (Purcell 31). Although the high point of the story was the years of the devastating potato famine from 1845 to 1848, historians have pointed out that immigrating from Ireland was becoming more popular before the famine and continued until the turn of the twentieth century. In the one hundred years between the first recording of immigrants in 1820 and the passing of immigration restrictions in 1924, over four and one half million Irish immigrated to the United States. HOW THEY PAID TO COME TO AMERICA Most of the pre-famine immigrants were single men who found jobs as laborers in the North and Northeast (Purcell 32). Although these were low paying jobs, they were still better than what they had in Ireland. Another thing typical of the Irish immigrants in the pre-famine years was something called the chain migration (Purcell 36). The first immigrants found jobs, saved most or all of their money, and sent money or tickets for sailing on the ships to relatives in the old country. By very hard work, immigrants made it possible to pay for their entire family to follow them to America. To save up all of the passage money was very difficult but they worked hard and did it. Many immigrants from other countries also used the chain migration idea, and it is still common for immigrants to use this system. However, the Irish were the first to use chain migration in such a big way. THE LAWS OF IMMIGRATION During the 200 years that this ... ...live in a free land, and a more full appreciation of the life we lead today, as well as a thankfulness to those who, long ago, paved the way. Bibliography: WORKS CITED Anderson, Kelly. Immigration. San Diego: Lucent, 1993. Danilov, Dan. Immigrating to the USA.1st ed. British Columbia: Self-Counsel, 1978. Danilov, Dan. Immigrating to the USA. 5th ed. British Columbia: Self-Counsel, 1989. Gmelch, Sharon. Irish Life and Traditions. Dublin: O'Brien, 1986. Griffin, William. The Irish Americans. Hong Kong: Hugh Lauter Levin, 1998. "Immigrants." November 1993. 10 November 1998 . Long, Robert Emmet.Immigration. Dublin: H. W. Wilson, 1996. Purcell, L. Edward. Immigration. Phoenix: Oryx, 1995. Reimers, David. The Immigrant Experience. New York: Chealsea House Publishers, 1989. Sandler, Martin. Immigrants. New York: Eagle, 1995.

Law Enforcement Today Essay

There are several issues that face police departments today, too many to possibly count, however I believe that there are quite a few that are small and would be better focused on within the department. Now there are some that could be solved on a larger scale. I am going to define and review a few issues that do affect police departments and provide my own opinion on what could be done to change them to show positive results. Now local and county police only job is to keep the peace and serve and protect. If there were no police then crime would run wild, there would be absolute anarchy and chaos. Police is necessary to ensure the survival of the human race. The United States Department of Homeland Security and local, federal, and state law enforcement agencies are working together to assist in the prevention of crime, or at least trying to do so. The DHS has integrated several ways to share information and they boast it is one of the key elements of their strategy. For federal officials, the post-9/11 threat environment requires a trusted partnership among federal, state, and local agencies to make information sharing integrated, interconnected, effective and as automatic as possible in order to ensure our national security. Additionally, numerous governmental, commercial, and non-governmental organizations provide officials with homeland security alerts, updates, and databases to support preparedness efforts. Now I am in no way a expert on this situation, however I believe that it should not stop at just information sharing. While this helps abundantly in several different ways, I believe that it should go far beyone just sharing information. I think that local law enforcement should be tied to the DHS and report to this office on a regular basis. This would help with different strategies on how to effectively reduce crime as well as share information on a more personal level between agencies. The issues that current police face, in my own opinion are that many police departments are facing budget problems, forcing them to cut their police force down. Many officers are being asked to do things they normally don’t do such as patrolling etc. Police departments are also facing increasing crimes due to the poor economy. More people are engaging in criminal activities because they have more free time as they are not working. It has often been in the mind of some individuals that if they cannot buy it they will take it. All crime is a form of theft if you think about it, and to some people stealing something would be much easier than actually taking the time to work for and buy it. Also police departments across the United States are poorly understaffed, and cannot recruit the people needed to manage the ongoing crime in this country. Police departments would have an easier time recruiting if a cop’s life were the way it’s depicted on the big screen, however very few police officers live in million-dollar homes and they don’t always get the bad guy. So police recruiters can’t offer the prospect of a perfect life of happiness and victory to prospective officers, but departments across the country are short-staffed and they’re aggressively competing for candidates. I know that in my own town there are an adequate number of police officers, however in a town that is just 90 miles away they cannot seem to keep a viable police force. I think that if the DHS were to assist with this and the federal governments were to offer police officer’s a better salary then people would flock to become cops. As it is now, the only real reason to become a police officer is to help, and sadly that is not the way our current society is these days. Sharing information is not the only thing that can aid in the struggle to fight this war on crime, everybody must work together to achieve the common goal of happiness and prosperity of all humans. Now this will never be attained as that is just unrealistic, however if you work toward the goal then you will often get close. In conclusion I believe that if police officers were offered more money then there would be a greater supply of police and this would in turn be able to tighten police patrols and effectly put a tighter strain on criminal activity. There are a lot of problems that face police today, however we are moving in the correct direction.

Article Summary Essay

In the article â€Å"Understanding American Worldview,† the author J. LaVelle Ingram explains the cross cultural differences between Americans and immigrants. It also informs immigrants the atypical worldview of the American country they are adopting. Hence, these set of worldviews are categorized in five dimensions. In America, the first identified dimensions of worldview is that time focuses on the future instead of the past. Living for-the-moment and living according to the past are both perceived as inappropriate by American standards. Americans live in the future and find it crucial save money for their retirement or for their children’s education. On the other hand, some immigrants are more present oriented so they will spend money on only the most essential things they need at that moment. The concept that humans should be able to master nature is another aspect of the worldview. This worldview suggests that we should be able to defeat diseases at all costs, thus American families will take any surgical procedures necessary in order to cure their family member from a disease. However, some immigrants view this idea much more differently. They will consider the disease a reflection of some imbalance in living so changing their way of life would be more effective or that such disease is part of their destiny. We Americans would have trouble understanding such decisions. In the American perspective, the third identified dimension of worldview is that human nature is said to be good or mixed. The author declares that personal freedom is core value as it suggests that the society as a whole will function if you count on the individuals to live up to their best selves. The fewer constraints enforced on people the better. Some cultures, on the other had view human nature as pessimistic and selfish thus, it is considered bad. In this case, in order for people to stay on the right path  they need to be monitored closely to avoid negative impulses. Another identified dimension from Ingram’s article refers to the individual’s wishes, needs and aspirations being more important regardless of their groups or family and if needed, it is appropriate for an individual to move away to become independent. In America, since the social relations sense is individuality, college students are able to decide on their own majors, young women have the freedom to live in their own apartment, and young men who have jobs are not obligated to give money to the family. However, in several other cultures such behaviors are considered disrespectful. A personal example would be ever since I was young, everyone in my family wanted me to pursue a career in the medical field. Once I started community college, I took a few courses pertaining Pharmacy Technology and Medical Assistant but I realized these careers did not meet my interests. It was difficult telling my family what truly interested me and they were disappointed for a while, but in the end they were supportive. In some cultures we may seem heartless or selfish for not following what our group or families instilled us, but we are simply taking care of ourselves according to the American worldview. The fifth identified dimension of worldview is that what one does or accomplishes, is more important than the way they conduct themselves. A person’s job is highly important in determining one’s relative value in the society. Athletes and celebrities conduct themselves the way they want to because they are rich but nonetheless, they will be judged based on what they do rather than their character because of the values, ideas, and beliefs different culture hold. This article was very interesting and informative. I was able have a better grasp of the American worldview. Immigrants do not have to assimilate or reject American worldviews to live in America but instead a more effective solution is to recognize these cross cultural differences and consciously negotiate them.

Childrens Day in Japan and Koinobori Song

Children's Day in Japan and Koinobori Song May 5 is Japans national holiday known as, Kodomo no hi Ã¥ ­ Ã¤ ¾â€ºÃ£  ®Ã¦â€" ¥ (Childrens day). It is a day to celebrate the health and happiness of children. Until 1948, it was called, Tango no Sekku (ç « ¯Ã¥ Ë†Ã£  ®Ã§ ¯â‚¬Ã¥  ¥), and only honored boys. Although this holiday became known as, Childrens Day, many Japanese still consider it a Boys Festival. On the other hand, Hinamatsuri (㠁 ²Ã£  ªÃ§ ¥ ­Ã£â€šÅ ), which falls on March 3rd, is a day to celebrate girls. Childrens Day Families with boys fly, Koinobori é ¯â€°Ã£  ®Ã£  ¼Ã£â€šÅ  (carp-shaped streamers), to express the hope that they will grow up healthy and strong. The carp is a symbol of strength, courage, and success. In a Chinese legend, a carp swam upstream to become a dragon. The Japanese proverb, Koi no takinobori (é ¯â€°Ã£  ®Ã¦ » Ã§â„¢ »Ã£â€šÅ , Kois waterfall climbing), means, to succeed vigorously in life. Warrior dolls and warrior helmets called, Gogatsu-ningyou, are also displayed in a boys house. Kashiwamochi is one of the traditional foods that are eaten on this day. It is a steamed rice cake with sweet beans inside and is wrapped in an oak leaf. Another traditional food is, chimaki, which is a dumpling wrapped in bamboo leaves. On Childrens Day, there is a custom to take a shoubu-yu (a bath with floating shoubu leaves). Shoubu (è â€"è’ ²) is a type of iris. It has long leaves that resemble swords. Why the bath with shoubu? It is because shoubu is believed to promote good health and to ward off evil. It is also hung under the eaves of homes to drive away evil spirits. Shoubu (Ã¥ °Å¡Ã¦ ­ ¦) also means, materialism, warlike spirit, when using different kanji characters. Koinobori Song There is a childrens song called, Koinobori, that is often sung during this time of the year. Here are the lyrics in romaji and Japanese. Yane yori takai koinoboriOokii magoi wa otousanChiisai higoi wa kodomotachiOmoshirosouni oyoideru Ã¥ ±â€¹Ã¦   ¹Ã£â€šË†Ã£â€šÅ Ã© «ËœÃ£ â€ž é ¯â€°Ã£  ®Ã£  ¼Ã£â€šÅ Ã¥ ¤ §Ã£  Ã£ â€žÃ§Å"Ÿé ¯â€°Ã£  ¯ 㠁Šçˆ ¶Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ¥ ° Ã£ â€¢Ã£ â€žÃ§ ·â€¹Ã© ¯â€°Ã£  ¯ Ã¥ ­ Ã¤ ¾â€ºÃ© â€Ã©  ¢Ã§â„¢ ½Ã£  Ã£ â€ Ã£  « æ ³ ³Ã£ â€žÃ£  §Ã£â€šâ€¹ Vocabulary yane Ã¥ ±â€¹Ã¦   ¹ - rooftakai é «ËœÃ£ â€ž - highookii Ã¥ ¤ §Ã£  Ã£ â€ž - bigotousan 㠁Šçˆ ¶Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œ - fatherchiisai Ã¥ ° Ã£ â€¢Ã£ â€ž - smallkodomotachi Ã¥ ­ Ã¤ ¾â€ºÃ£ Å¸Ã£  ¡ - childrenomoshiroi é  ¢Ã§â„¢ ½Ã£ â€ž - enjoyableoyogu æ ³ ³Ã£   - to swim Takai, ookii, chiisai and omoshiroi are I-adjectives. There is an important lesson to learn regarding terms used for Japanese family members. Different terms are used for family members depending on whether the person referred to is part of the speakers own family or not. Also, there are terms for directly addressing members of the speakers family. For example, lets look at the word father. When referring to someones father, otousan is used. When referring your own father, chichi is used. However, when addressing your father, otousan or papa is used. Anata no otousan wa se ga takai desu ne. 㠁‚㠁 ªÃ£ Å¸Ã£  ®Ã£ Å Ã§Ë† ¶Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¯Ã¨Æ'Å'㠁Å'é «ËœÃ£ â€žÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£  ­Ã£â‚¬â€š- Your father is tall, isnt he?Watashi no chichi wa takushii no untenshu desu. ç § Ã£  ®Ã§Ë† ¶Ã£  ¯Ã£â€š ¿Ã£â€š ¯Ã£â€š ·Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£  ®Ã© â€¹Ã¨ » ¢Ã¦â€°â€¹Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š- My father is a taxi driver.Otousan, hayaku kite! 㠁Šçˆ ¶Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£â‚¬ Ã¦â€" ©Ã£  Ã¦  ¥Ã£  ¦- Dad, come quickly! Grammar Yori より is a particle and is used when comparing things. It translates into than. Kanada wa nihon yori samui desu. ã‚ «Ã£Æ'ŠãÆ'ۋ  ¯Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£â€šË†Ã£â€šÅ Ã¥ ¯â€™Ã£ â€žÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š- Canada is colder than Japan.Amerika wa nihon yori ookii desu. ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' ªÃ£â€š «Ã£  ¯Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£â€šË†Ã£â€šÅ Ã¥ ¤ §Ã£  Ã£ â€žÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š- America is larger than Japan.Kanji wa hiragaba yori muzukashii desu. æ ¼ ¢Ã¥ ­â€"㠁 ¯Ã£  ²Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£ Å'㠁 ªÃ£â€šË†Ã£â€šÅ Ã©â€º £Ã£ â€"㠁„㠁 §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - Kanji is more difficult than hiragana. In the song, Koinobori is the topic of the sentence (the order is changed because of the rhyme), therefore, koinobori wa yane yori takai desu é ¯â€°Ã£  ®Ã£  ¼Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  ¯Ã¥ ±â€¹Ã¦   ¹Ã£â€šË†Ã£â€šÅ Ã© «ËœÃ£ â€žÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢ is a common order for this sentence. It means the koinobori is higher than the roof. The suffix ~tachi is added to make the plural form of personal pronouns. For example: watashi-tachi, anata-tachi or boku-tachi. It can also be added to some other nouns, such as kodomo-tachi (children). ~sou ni is an adverb form of ~ sou da. ~ sou da means, it appears. Kare wa totemo genki sou desu. Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã£  ¯Ã£  ¨Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€šÃ¥â€¦Æ'æ °â€"㠁 Ã£ â€ Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š- He looks very healthy.Sore wa oishisouna ringo da. 㠁 Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ¯Ã£ Å Ã£ â€žÃ£ â€"㠁 Ã£ â€ Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£ â€Ã£   Ã£â‚¬â€š- That is a delicious looking apple.Kanojo wa totemo shindosouni sokoni tatteita. Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£  ¯Ã£  ¨Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£ â€"ん㠁 ©Ã£  Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Ã£  Ã£ â€œÃ£  «Ã§ «â€¹Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š- She was standing there looking very tired.

How to Get Into Business School

How to Get Into Business School Not everyone gets accepted into their business school of choice. This is especially true of individuals who apply to top business schools. A top business school, sometimes known as a first tier business school, is a school that is highly ranked among other business schools by multiple organizations. On average, fewer than 12 out of every 100 people who apply to a top business school will receive an acceptance letter. The higher ranked a school is, the more selective they tend to be. For example, Harvard Business School, one of the best-ranked schools in the world, rejects thousands of MBA applicants each year. These facts are not meant to discourage you from applying to business school - you cant be  accepted if you dont apply - but they are meant to help you understand that getting into business school is a challenge. You will have to work hard at it and take the  time to prepare your MBA application and improve your candidacy if you want to increase your chances of getting accepted to your school of choice.    In this article, were going to explore two things that you should be doing right now to prepare for the MBA application process as well as common mistakes that you should avoid in order to increase your chances of success. Find a Business School That Fits You There are many components that go into a business school application, but one of the most important things to focus on right from the start is targeting the right schools. Fit is essential if you want to get accepted into an MBA program. You can have outstanding test scores, glowing recommendation letters, and fantastic essays, but if you arent a good fit for the school you are applying to, you will most likely get turned away in favor of a candidate who is a good fit. Many MBA candidates start their search for the right school by looking at  business school rankings. Although rankings are important - they give you a great picture of the schools reputation - they are not the only thing that matters. To find a school that is a fit for your academic ability and career goals, you need to look beyond rankings and into the schools culture, people, and location. Culture: Business school culture is an important factor because it dictates the environment. Some schools have a close-knit, collaborative culture; others have a more competitive culture that encourages self-sufficiency. You need to ask yourself what kind of student you are and what type of environment you are most likely to thrive in.People: You will be spending a lot of time with the people in your incoming class. Would you prefer a large class or small intimate classes? And what about the professors? Do you want to be taught by people who value research or do you want professors who focus on application?Location: Cost of living, weather, proximity to family, networking opportunities, and internship availability are all affected by the location of your business school. A big city will likely come with more opportunities, but it may also be more expensive to study in this type of environment. A small college town or a rural setting could be more affordable, but may provide fewer opp ortunities for networking and culture. Find Out What the School Is Looking For Every business school will tell you that they work hard to build a diverse class and that they dont have a typical student. While that may be true on some level, every business school has an archetypical student. This student is almost always professional, business-minded, passionate, and willing to work hard to achieve their goals. Beyond that, every school is different, so you need to understand what the school is looking for to ensure that 1.) the school is a good fit for you 2.) you can deliver an application that fits their needs. You can get to know the school by visiting the campus, speaking to current students, reaching out to the alumni network, attending MBA fairs, and conducting good old-fashioned research. Seek out interviews that have been conducted with the schools admission officers, peruse the schools blog and other publications, and read everything you can about the school. Eventually, a picture will begin to form that shows you what the school is looking for. For example, the school may be looking for students who have leadership potential, strong technical abilities, the desire to collaborate, and an interest in social responsibility and global business. When you find that the school is looking for something you have, you need to let that piece of you shine in your  resume, essays, and recommendations. Avoid Common Mistakes Nobody is perfect. Mistakes happen. But you don’t want to make a silly mistake that makes you look bad to an admissions committee. There are a few common mistakes that applicants make time and time again. You might scoff at some of these and think that you would never be careless enough to make  that mistake, but keep in mind that the applicants who made these mistakes probably thought the same thing at one time. Recycling essays. If you are applying to multiple schools (and you should), it is important to write an original essay for each application. Dont recycle your MBA application essays. Admissions committees can spot this trick from a mile away. And if you do disregard this advice and decide to recycle the essay, remember to change the name of the school in the essay. Believe it or not, applicants make this mistake every year! If you submit an essay to Columbia explaining why you want to go to Harvard, the admissions committee will peg you as someone who doesn’t pay attention to detail - and theyll be right to do so.Not Sharing. Admissions committees look through a lot of essays every year. This can be extremely boring - especially when the essays are generic. The point of the essay is to help admissions committees get to know you, so let your personality shine. Demonstrate who you are. It will help your application.Skipping Optional Opportunities. Some business schools have opti onal essays or optional interviews. Dont make the mistake of skipping these optional opportunities. Show the school that you want to get in. Do the essay. Do the interview. And take advantage of every other opportunity that comes your way. Not Retaking the GMAT. GMAT scores are important to your application. If your scores arent falling in the range for the previous years entering class, you should retake the GMAT to get a better score. The Graduate Management Admission Council reports that approximately one-third of the people who take the GMAT take it at least twice, if not more. Most of these people increase their score the second time around. Be one of those people.

Zip Codes Comparison 10465 to 10019 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Zip Codes Comparison 10465 to 10019 - Essay Example The essay "Zip Codes Comparison 10465 to 10019" analyzes the difference in cost of living in New York (zip 10019) and Bronx (zip 10465). New York has a population of about 40,793 people, which is a 9% population change compared to the last statistics since 2009. The Bronx, a county in New York, Northern New Jersey – Long Island Metro Area, with a population of 42,245 people and a 0% population change. NewYork’s cost of living is generally higher than the United States average, with the price tag and charge of the source of revenue being at a percentage of 150%, compared to Bronx cost of living, which is about 50%. In the Bronx, public schools spend an average of $0 per head or student. In the United States, the average school expenditure is about $5,691. The average number of students per teacher in the Bronx is 11.9. This is still the same case in New York, the only difference being that the average students per teacher here is 14.3. In the New York, the unemployment rate is at a percentage of 8.90%, giving a margin of 0.03% to the U.S since the average is 8.60%. The growth of jobs is significant, having an increase of 0.47%, which here all the statistics also match up with Bronx’s. In the Bronx, 69.19% of people are white, 10.77% black, 3.09% Asian, 0.64% native Americans, and 16.31% 'Other'.0.00% of the people in the Bronx are Hispanic. In New York, 69.44% of people are white, 5.57% black, 16.13% Asian, 0.31% native Americans, and 8.55% 'Other'.1.11% of the people in New York are Hispanic.

Analysis Interpretation of Antigone by Sophocles Essay

Analysis Interpretation of Antigone by Sophocles - Essay Example In spite of this threat, Antigone is caught when she tries to bury her brother. Creon leaves Antigone to starve in a cave. And when her fianc, Haemon comes to save her, she has already hanged herself. Haemnon dies and his mother and Creon's wife, also kills herself in grief. The play Antigone is based on conflict between two laws, and forces the audience to decide whose law is greater: God's or man's Thesis Facing the characters with moral choice, Sophocles depicts that God's laws are more important for people because they reflect eternal truth and morality while man's laws are based on power and authority of the ruler only. At the beginning of the drama, Antigone breaks the law of her uncle, Creon, and decides to bury her dead brother against his orders. Sophocles portrays that characters of the play follow God's laws as a source of morality and traditions, norms and social values. In spite of the fact that every epoch creates its own values and moral rules changing our understanding about a self and life, there are some universal laws which cannot be broken. For instance, Antigone follows God's laws as the only authority of truth and moral obligations. This funeral rite had been followed for centuries and Antigone could not break this tradition.

History assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History assignment - Essay Example Both the terms share the common goal of advocating territorial expansion and link it to superior American traits. ‘Manifest Destiny’ uses the philosophical belief in the divine sanction, the propagation of democratic institutions and economic compulsions to support its stand. It was largely based on feelings of cultural and racial superiority (MacKay). The ‘Frontier Thesis’ holds that the very character of the American people was shaped by Westward expansion. Here again, territorial expansion is linked to superior American traits, such as democracy and individualism (Hietala). These terms are significant in American history because they form the basis of the American policy of expansion: first on the continent and, later for US imperialism across the globe. The annexation of Texas in 1845, the acquisition of Oregon from Britain in 1846, the conquest of California and New Mexico in the American-Mexican War of 1846, and the appropriation of land from the Native Americans were all partly justified on the principle of ‘Manifest Destiny’ and approval of the ‘Frontier

Advantages Of Using Subnetting

Advantages Of Using Subnetting Subnetting is allowed you to divide one physical network which is whether a class A, B, or C into several smaller logical subnetworks. The main idea of subnetting is borrowing bits from the host IP address and using them to create one or more networks within the network. Furthermore, It permits using two or more local area networks (LANs) technology in the same network such as Ethernet and Toking ring (Cisco 2005; PSI 2000). Advantages of using subnetting: It is useful to control and to reduce the network traffic by limiting number of broadcasts. It is allowed any organization to subnet its network without needed to have a new network IP through an internet service provider (ISP). Subnetting was so helpful to solve the problem of lacking IP addresses on the Internet. Allowing to use two or more LAN technologies together in the same network. Subnets also helpful to minimize the size of the routing tables on the internet since additional network numbers will not being added to the table. When you want to isolate segments for security reasons such as accounting and sales segment. When you want to isolate bad segments such as domination hosts which use most of the LAN bandwidth (PSI 2000). Disadvantage Advantages of using subnetting: Subnetting decreases the total number of IP addresses in the network but may need buying additional hardware such as a router. So, it may cost lots of money(PSI 2000). It cannot correct the lack of efficiency because companies still assign address block regarding to classes (Kozierok 2005). Supernetting It is the opposite of subnetting that is allowed you to divide one physical network into several smaller logical networks. On the other hand, Supernetting is allowed you to combine one or more smaller logical network to making one large network. It is a part of classless inter domain routing (CIDR) (Wright 1998). In addition, it is used in routing tables to merge nearby class C (Blank 2002). It is necessary when you need more hosts on the network. So, the main concept of supernetting is borrowed one or more bits from the current network address and using it to produce a large amount of hosts (Inetdaemon). Private and Public IP addresses Public IP Address It is an IP address which is able to be seen by the public. Public IP Address allows people access your computer form everywhere and know about you such as a web server. Private IP Addresses It is used on a private network and it is not able to route through the public Internet. It is useful for security reasons. All privet IP addresses are fallen within the following IP address ranges (Syndication 2007): Class A 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255 Class B 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255 Class C 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255 2- Subnetting calculate : 192.168.1.40/24 IP class / class C Total usable subnets/networks / 256 Total usable IP addresses in each subnets/networks / 254 The first 5 subnets/networks / 192.168.1.0, 192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3, 192.168.1.4 10.4.78.21/8 IP class / class A Total usable subnets/ networks / 1677216 Total usable IP addresses in each subnet/network / 1677214 The first 5 subnets/networks / 10.0.0.0, 10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2, 10.0.0.3, 10.0.0.4 10.0.0.9/24 IP class / class A Total usable subnets/networks / 256 Total usable IP addresses in each subnets/networks / 254 The first 5 subnets/networks- 10.0.0.0, 10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2, 10.0.0.3, 10.0.0.4 203.51.131.23/27 IP class / class C Total usable subnets/ networks / 32 Total usable IP addresses in each subnets/networks /30 The first 5 subnets/networks-203.51.131.0, 203.51.131.1, 203.51.131.2, 203.51.131.3, 203.51.131.4 198.110.43.112/26 IP class / class C Total usable subnets/ networks / 64 Total usable IP addresses in each subnets/networks / 62 The first 5 subnets/networks / 198.110.43.64, 198.110.43.65, 198.110.43.66, 198.110.43.67,198.110.43.68 3- Static and dynamic routing : Static routing manually is configured into the routing table by configuration file or a network administrator who can access and configure the routers (Inetdaemon2). So, it is called static because it needs someone who can create that routing table physically. In addition, it provides control over routing (Balchunas 2007). Advantages of Static Routing: It reduces the physical hardware overhead. It also minimize the bandwidth overhead (Balchunas 2007). Disadvantages of Static Routing: Static routing is a manual process so it will not work good with a massive number of routing. It also does not fix any connection problem so the router must configured manually to solve any connection down (Inetdaemon2). Difficult to configure large network (Balchunas 2007). Dynamic routing Dynamic routing automatically is configured by a routing protocol that runs on the routers (Balchunas 2007). Dynamic routing protocols are applications that can find a network destination and then record it into the routing table (Inetdaemon2). Advantages of Dynamic Routing: Easy to configure a big networks. Dynamically change to a different route if there is any connection down (Balchunas 2007). Disadvantages of Dynamic Routing: Consuming more bandwidth. It consumes more hardware as well. It chooses the best connection way regarding to the routing protocol not to the routers administrator (Balchunas 2007). Commonly used dynamic routing table RIP (Routing Information Protocol). EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol). OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) (Balchunas 2007). 4- The difference between a layer 2 and a layer 3 network device The difference between them is a layer 2 device works only with MAC addresses to forward network data packets; however a layer 3 device works on IP address. Moreover, layer 2 devices are transfer network packets from physical address to physical address but layer 3 devices looking for the best route to transmit data packets. So, layer 2 networks are faster than a layer 3 network because it just needs to forward data to the right destination without make any decision (Simon 2006). Example of layer 2 device and describing it: Switch. It is used to connect two local area networks (LAN) or more. It works under OSI (Open System Interconnection Reference) model Layer 2. Furthermore, It usually has multiple ports to connect devices together or to connect two or more local area networks (LAN). it receives data and forwards it depending on the destination MAC (Media Access Control) address to only destination that should receive it . Moreover, It only sends data within the same subnet as well (Maufer). Example of layer 3 device and describing it: Router. Router is used to connect two wide area networks (WAN). It works at OSI (Open System Interconnection Reference) model Layer 3. Furthermore, It forwards data depending on the destination network address to only destination that should receive it as well (Maufer).

Dragons Essay example -- Expository Animals History Essays

Dragons What’s the first thing people think when they hear the word â€Å"dragon?† Most Americans and Europeans probably envision a huge scaly green beast, one that sits on a hoard of golden treasures and breathes fire. Asians are more likely to think of a benevolent snake-like creature, one that controls rains and rivers. And some people will think of the dragons in movies, or in books, which come in innumerable shapes, sizes, and dispositions. Practically every culture on Earth has dragons of some kind. The broadest way of categorizing dragons is into Western and Eastern dragons, though some of the dragons in the media have distinct characteristics as well. And then, of course, is the ultimate question: did they exist? Western dragons are the storybook monsters that most Americans recognize. The most common variety have four legs, two bat-like wings, a long tail, and a lot of teeth. They breathe fire, are covered in scales, hoard treasure, and have dangerous claws. They vary in color, and can be any shade of the rainbow, white, black, or any of various metallic shades. They are usually fierce, and feast on young virgins or sheep sacrificed by nearby villagers in an attempt to pacify the beast (Blumberg 6-7, Lurie n.p, Walker, Tempest). The Eastern dragons, by contrast, are benevolent water spirits. They are long and sinuous, covered in scales, and wingless, though they have four legs. They have whiskers, horns and often a mane, and always have a pearl either under the chin, in the mouth, or in the claws. Eastern dragons govern rain and rivers, and breathe clouds rather than fire. They are fond of swallow’s meat, and afraid of centipedes. The Chinese and Japanese emperors were believed to be descended from dragons (Ayles... ...gons have over the human imagination is as legendary as the great beasts themselves. Works Cited Aylesworth, Thomas. The Story of Dragons and Other Monsters. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980. Blumberg, Rhoda. The Truth About Dragons. New York: Four Winds Press, 1980. Dickinson, Peter. The Flight of Dragons. New York: Harper and Row, 1979. Dragonheart. Dir. Rob Cohen. , 1996. Lurie, Alison. Fabulous Beasts. New York: Rae Publishing Company, 1981. McCaffrey, Anne. Moreta: Dragonlady of Pern. New York: Ballantine Books, 1983. Mulan. Dir. Barry Cook and Tony Bancroft. Disney, 1998. Pete’s Dragon. Dir. Don Chaffey. Disney, 1977. Tempest. â€Å"Advanced Dragon Description.† D.R.A.G.O.N.S. n.d. 14 May 2002. . Walker, Jennifer. â€Å"Physiology of a Dragon.† Here Be Dragons. n.d. 14 May 2002. <

Hrm

This essay is an evaluation of a worldwide statement on the subject of most essential part of any organisation known as human resource management a. k. a. HRM. This essay will enlighten the study of the concerns in human resource management (HRM) which is dependent on two very important factors examining and appraising. This essay will also throw light on the difference which is between regions and the employees working in those regions.The main benefit of human resource management (HRM) is to present an efficient way to examine the concerns to an examining line manager or supervisor because making decisions and viewing number of problems concerning about the situation going on in business world show a path to minimize the attempt in the part of human resource also known as HR. This process helps a line manager to have a broad idea and provide more flexibility in a diverse circumstance to make a proper decision so that the work can be done perfectly and company can make profit out of it.This essay will also highlight the points on the environment which influences a company alongside with information of human being matters and the connection of many factors which are affecting the business world in present. 2. 0 Introduction: A term which is known as globalization in now a days has become a very important matter of consideration for the people of this world. In this present time the above mentioned term is missing by the department of human resources a. k. a. HR. The most important part of any company or organisation in this present time is human resource management (HRM).The aim of human resource management department is just not to solve the problems which are reasons by workers of an organisation or the problems created by organisation it self but the aim of human resource management (HRM) is to provide a competitive upper hand to a company in their business alongside with the manufactured goods superiority, production and accomplishing the aims and missions in appropriate point in time economically and successfully. The department of human resource management (HRM) is still mended to be improved in terms of hiring people for job.The employee should be selected on the basis of merit relatively than on the basis of any other source or power. The higher management should take notice of all the important aspects such as culture and tradition so that all employees can be bind like a bunch and an organisation can make most of their talent. 3. 0. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (HRM): 3. 1. Connotation of Human Resource Management: The meaning of human resource management (HRM) is to choose, expand, encourage and preserve human supply in a business. HRM first hire the right person for the job for example manager and workers. HRM guide and widen the hired ones.HRM then encourage the workers by awarding benefits and promotions. HRM also make sure that the best environment should be given to the workers to work freely. HRM direct concern is with the w orkers working for an organisation in other words it can be stated as to manage the workers in an organisation. (Alan Price, 2011) 3. 2. Characteristics of Human Resource Management: The subsequent are the main characteristics of human resource management: 1. HRM process is dependent on four purposes which are as follows: †¢Selection of human supply. †¢Expansion of human supply. †¢Encouraging of human supply. †¢Protection of human supply. 2.HRM is not a process which is done for only one time. HRM is known as continuous process. This process is mended to be change time by time depending on the conditions faced by an organisation. 3. There are mainly for perspectives for human resource management which are as follows: †¢Business perspective †¢Individual perspective †¢Social perspective †¢Group or unit perspective 4. HRM is a universal practice for any sort of business such as schools, universities, transport department, corporations and etc. 5. HRM department fulfils the duties as performance management, strategic planning management, training, career development ant etc. . HRM is multi corrective which means it deals with different matters such as psychological factors, educational factors and etc. 7. HRM always try its best to shape up the team strength. Team strength helps workers to work collectively and achieve the aims of a corporation. This factor is most important factor in this present time. 8. HRM increase the potential in the workers of a company. This increase of potential helps the workers to be well-organized and provide them job happiness. 9. As the technology is changing rapidly in all means hence it can be a problem or a threat to a business.HRM department track these changes and rectify the possible problems which can be caused by these aspects. 10. HRM provide long time benefits for the workers, business and civilization. The benefits are in shape of financial and non-financial for all of them. It also helps the profit margin of a business and provides good quality for services. ( Michael Armstrong, 2006) 3. 3. Span of Human Resource Management: Span or scope of Human Resource Management is defined as: 1. Human resource planning (HRP) determines the workforce requirement and workforce supply of a business. HRP compares these two factors.If the workforce is extra then HRP makes sure to cut it down and vice versa. 2. Acquirement role consist of hiring, choosing, position and human resource planning. HRM makes sure that appropriate person is selected for the job. 3. To appoint at the right place of workers is handled by HRM because proper job for a worker gives a worker motivation and increase their competence. 4. Performance management is conducted by HRM to keep track of a worker’s performance. 5. HRM helps the workers for the organisation to develop their careers by means of promotions in next years therefore it also results in helping organisation. (K. Aswathappa, 2007) 4. . Impact of Human Resource Management on Business: This part is to evaluate the role of HRM and provide an overview on the understanding of HRM in a perspective of an international student.The importance of HRM in success of any sort of business is getting at an immense level day by day. The most essential department of any business or organisation is HRM. The importance of HRM is at high level and due to that all line manager or supervisors in HR have become a part of team. The main aspects which are dealt with HRM in retail industry are explained below: 1. The Particular Human Resource Atmosphere of Retailing: Employees are the ain source in any type of business. This is a big fact in retail industry because retail industry consists of very huge number of staffs or employees in order to provide service to their customers. The human resource atmosphere in retail industry has it own main characteristics like a huge number of staff with less experience, lots of workers are part time , keeping track of a worker, and shifts are long and dissimilarities in the demand of customer. These characteristics also create problems for retailers. First thing which is huge number of staff may result in poor presentation, high salaries and skiving.Secondly, a person with not that high qualification and without experience can apply a job in retail for the positions of till operator, staff for shop floor, trolley assistant, warehouse assistant and etc. On the other hand many workers in retail industry are part time workers which can leave the job at any time. On the second hand time is a big issue for retail industry because extensive working hours in retail industry need two shifts of workers, so retailers have to recruit staff with keeping all these aspects in their mind i. e. some might be part time workers and some will be full time workers.Thirdly is to watch over a worker or an employee because customers are the main core part of retail industry so a retailer have to be s ure that the perfect service is being provided by the staff members to a customer and there is a proper check on the behaviour and manifestation of a staff member. Finally the main aspect dissimilarity in demand by a customer can be a problem to a retailer in such sense that retailer have to think on the point of how many staff members are required. Retailers should have knowledge of all the main events and should prepare in advance the availability of staff. (A. J. Lamba, 2002) 2.The procedure of HRM in Retail Industry: The process of HRM in retail industry is dependent on four main features which are development, hiring and choice, training, performance. When a process of HRM is implementing by a retail industry the laws for labour and privacy factor for employees or workers is to be considered deeply. †¢Development: After analyzing of the present employees the outcome will help an organisation to appraise the performance of a department and helps them to think on what sort o f staff is needed to form the accurate set of skills which are needed. The main point which retailers have to think is to ecruit appropriate persons for the position so that work can be done efficiently. Recruitment of huge number of staff may result in immense costs and too few will result in incompetence of tasks. †¢Hiring and Choice: When there is a need of new workers to an organisation they use many different paths in order to hire the most appropriate person for the job. The paths or channels which are used by an organisation are institutions of education, television, internet and recruitment agencies or any other effective way to recruit the appropriate person. †¢Training: Training is the most essential aspect for HRM.After hiring an appropriate person the main aspect which falls next is to train that person so that company’s strategic plan can be utilized and company can make more out of it. †¢Performance: After all the steps the main thing is to monito r the performance and keep track and trace on the performance of an organisation and keep the knowledge whether goals are being achieved or not. If there is case of no then HRM department should make decisions to overcome the problem and rectify it as soon as possible so that no harm could come to the efficiency of work and to the accounts of company. S. C. Bhatia, 2008) 5. 0. INTERNATIONAL VIEWPOINT OF HRM: In order to explain the international viewpoint or perspective of human resource management (HRM) the best possible way is to compare the HRM practices between two regions or between two countries. The below mentioned details are about the HRM practices in these two countries. 5. 1. HRM Practice in China: People Republic of China a. k. a. China is a country located in East Asia. The capital of China is Beijing and the population is 1. 3 billion people and language of China is Mandarin Chinese.China is the world largest exporter and second largest importer of goods. Human Resourc es in Chinese industrial sections are divided in two units. †¢Cadres: This unit consist of the staffs which handle administration or people with white collar jobs for e. g. directors, engineer, government officials and managers. †¢Workers: Workers are considered as employees working on lower level. The changes which are being made in traditional HR practices in China are defined below: †¢The process of hiring has changed from planning purpose to prediction purpose. A new system is being implemented for labour which is known as contract labour system instead of old way that was lifetime job. †¢The rewarding system has change and it now dependent on the performance and hard work. HR PRACTICE: The major HR practices which are undertaken by China are defined below: †¢Staffing & Choice: The companies in China select their employees on the foundation of abilities, jobs history, work experience, command on language and ambitions for careers, furthermore the Chinese companies take an overview of all the talent and characterized them in three types which are full experts, home appointed and local-plus.Each of these categories has different scale of salaries and rewards. The techniques or methods used by China in order to recruit are through ads, agencies, university grounds placements, international representation and etc. Choice or selection by China is dependent on three paths. The first path is interview secondly it is a test and thirdly it is behaviour affair. †¢Training and Maintenance: The most important methods which are used by China in order to train and manage their employees are training for technical aspect, language expertise, pre exit method and working culture training. Encouragement and Prize System: In order to make a good profit for company and to control quality management organisation encourage their employees by rewards and giving them promotions so that they keep always motivated and give their 100% in the field. â₠¬ ¢Working Customs: Working customs or culture in China is dependent on these features which are admiration for age, individual relations, group discussions and agreement. (Fang Lee Cooke, 2005) 5. 2. HRM Practices in India: The HRM practice in India is dependent on these aspects: Recruitment and Selection: A good educational background is required along with workers recommendations, sequence planning, and conducting test before hiring and they use internet help to recruit for e. g. Naukri. com is the first Indian website for seeking jobs. Media is being used to recruit employees and all the requirement can be given through media. Selection is based on the sets of questions which are concerned by age, status in society, family and etc. †¢Training and Development: Training and development are known as future direction.The training and development method which are used by Indian companies are by running programs of training, training regarding promotions, in-house training progra ms and etc. †¢Performance Appraisal: This method is used by Indian companies to evaluate the performance of a worker so that it can be decided for that employee whether he needs time or he needs training in order to do the work efficiently and this practice is carried out by manager or supervisor. †¢Rewards and Benefits: In accumulation to a basic wage extra rewards or compensations are being awarded by the companies in India.The rewards are in the shape of home loan, medical facility, travelling facility along with casual leaves, sick leave, emergency leave, annual leave and national holidays are also awarded to employees in India. The retirement age in India for government officials is 60 years where as for private sector it is 55-60 years, hence after retirement in both sectors a huge amount of lump –sum is awarded to the retired official although a private sector employee is paid less as compared to government employee. (Gurpreet Randhawa, 2007) 6. 0. Conclusion :There is a great bond of attraction between the workers of an organisation and organization it self. Management in an instantly procession is anxious in corporeal service materials that can assist in measurement and incredible utilization of service by their businesses. The stagings of do commerce amalgamations will also provide workforce a blemish on to be perceive sound largely if ethically incorrect actions are useful in the position of job. One of the able habits is to decrease difference to professional revolutionize in training and affirmation.Conversation stuck between the workforce and the company is also an energetic organization of human resources management (HRM) in the Post-modern viewpoint. Sensible account of the human resource management (HRM) is a major piece in verbal statement demonstration. Based on these negotiations, the workforce in an organization can get better in their discriminating of their occupation and that of others in an organization, understands the verbal statement of a business usual at helping the industry achieve the aims set out, as well as contribute to the maturity and maintenance of a embrace in the open market for the production.In accumulation, the management of organization and cooperation can reduce difference as in good health. Organization is to change judgment to shatter into including disfiguring legitimacy, meandering, and damaging in sequence. Joint venture is a unforced structure to get better resister’s grip but it could be infertile if objectives information that they have been trickery. Last act desire is simple on the compartment and simple to carry out to obtain grasp up, it is moving the rule but business can take benefit of right away intimidations and services to put into result their workforce. 7. 0. References: 7. 1. Books: Price, A. , 2011, Human Resource Management, 4th Edition, Cengage Learning. †¢Armstrong, M. , 2006, A Handbook of Human Resources Management Practice, 10th Edition, Kogan Page Publishers. †¢Aswathappa, k. , 2007, Human Resource and Personnel Management, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw-hill Education. †¢Lamba, A. J. , 2002, The Art of Retailing, Tata McGraw-hill Education. †¢Bhatia, S. C. , 2008, Retail Management, Atlantic Publishers. †¢Cooke, F, L. , 2005, HRM, Work and Employment in China, Routledge. †¢Randhawa, G. , 2007, Human Resource Management, Atlantic Publishers. 7. 2. Website: †¢www. fiber2fashion. com †¢www. scribd. com