The Between Sin And Purity - 1629 Words

The organization of Inferno is categorized by the escalation of crimes, from failure of the will, to transgressions of the mind; better described as the uncontrollable versus the sins you knowingly commit. Canto V of Inferno is the most memorable, and erotic, Canto throughout the Divine Comedy. In this Canto, the reader witnesses the integration of sin with purity, symbolizing the duality of human nature. The allegorizations represent a duality in mankind’s freedom of choice; the choice to live a pure life or to commit sin. According to Dante a soul has the ability to intellectually reason. This ability means that each human is responsible for their own actions and choices as they might reason to control their natural appetites that lead to a sinful existence. The starving of one’s lustful appetite is connected to the ritualistic fasting, Lent, that Christians undertake in order to absolve themselves of sin and thus seek a closer intimacy with God. There is heavy symbol ism in Dante’s portrayal of Paolo and Francesca which reveals the dichotomy between sin and purity that exists in Canto V. Imagery plays a crucial role when it comes to seeing the duality of the second circle. The laws of contrapasso creates a parallel of crimes one committed in life to match the nature of punishment found in death. The atmosphere of the second circle is designed to be the punishment for those who choose their emotion over reason. Like how these sinners acted on lust, renouncing the reasonShow MoreRelatedGreat Gatsby Scarlet Letter Essay690 Words   |  3 Pageshave sex as part of a meaningful relationship, but are persecuted for it. These varying reactions are caused partially by the extreme contrast of environment between the two novels. Another factor is the different degrees of conscientiousness and its importance between the novels. Hester and Dimmesdale repent and seek forgiveness for their sins. They use their experience to make them better people, and by the end of the novel, both find themselves free of guilt. On the other hand, the charactersRead MoreVisual Analysis on Anne-Louis Gidelà ±s The Funeral of Atala1062 Words   |  4 PagesAtala being torn from her journey to heaven and hell since she killed herself which is a sin. There are many aspects in this painting that represent in depth ideas. Many areas of the painting confirm connect back to the concept of heaven and hell. For example, the bright encouraging lighting that shines on Atala and dark grave, the shovel that dug her grave with the hidden cross causing contradiction between God and the Devil, and lastly the difference from darkness representing hell and lightnessRead More Adultery in Great Gatsby Scarlet Letter Essay688 Words   |  3 Pageshave sex as part of a meaningful relationship, but are persecuted for it. These varying reactions are caused partially by the extreme contrast of environment between the two novels. Another factor is the different degrees of conscientiousness and its importance between the novels. Hester and Dimmesdale repent and seek forgiveness for their sins. They use their experience to make them better people, and by the end of the novel, both find themselves free of guilt. On the other hand, the characters inRead More Puritan Hypocrisy Exposed in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter1235 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Puritanical views of sin and evil.   The Puritans are constantly displayed as believing that evil comes from an unyielding bond being formed between love and hate.   For such reasons they looked towards Hesters commitment of adultery as an action of pure, condemned evil.   However, through the use of light and dark imagery, Hawthorne displays who truly holds evil in their hearts.   The one who is the embodiment of evil creates hypocrisy of Puritanical views towards sin and evil.   Hawthorne displaysRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown934 Words   |  4 Pagesserves not only as Goodman Brown’s wife but also a symbol of his faith in God. One of the most symbolic images that Faith presented in the story was her pink ribbon. In western culture, white is usually linked with purity while red is a symbol of sins. Pink, indeed, lies between the two symbolic colors may be a representation of Goodman Brown’s change in beliefs. At first, Goodman Brown believed in his wife as â€Å"a blessed angel on earth.† (2) Although he’s determined to enter the woods, he didRead MoreAllusions And Theme In The Goblin Market By Christina Rossetti1282 Words   |  6 Pagesgo buy this fruit with curious and passion. In the Genesis story, the serpent tempted Eve to eat the fruit to become like God, promising Eve that she â€Å"will not surely die† (Genesis 3:4-5). This promise led Eve, including Adam, to sin against God. The connection between the poem and the Genesis 3 is the purpose of the forbidden fruit; just like Eve was tempted to eat the fruit to become like God, Laura became hungry to ea t the fruit to submit to its taste. In addition, Rossetti focuses on the goblinsRead MoreConrad s Heart Of Darkness994 Words   |  4 Pagesassociations with Europeans and natives to argue that the success of a society depends on its level of morality, which is absent in imperialism. In Conrad’s novel, the level of morality of Europeans and natives are shown through the reverse relationship between Europeans and natives through their amount of restraint. During the boat ride to Kurtz, Marlow notices the native’s restraint towards man’s hardest temptation, hunger. Conrad shows that although the natives have starved compared to the well-fed EuropeansRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s East Of Eden1342 Words   |  6 Pageschoice between good and evil. He dramatizes the conflict between wickedness and purity within the Trask family and the main characters of the novel struggle with the inheritance of sin. Cyrus, the father of the Trask family, chooses evil by stealing money during his time in the Army. Charles, succumbs to jealousy of his brother, Adam. Cathy chooses evil at every opportunity she gets by manipulating and wounding others for her own pleasure. Cal, finds out about his family’s history of sin and worriesRead MoreA Romantic View Of H ester Prynne Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesMason Fleischauer Rahner Collegio Ms. Slevin and Mr. Arthur Final Draft A Romantic View of Hester Prynne Individualism, emotion and the purity and simplicity of nature are at the foundation of American Romanticism. Essays such as Thoreau’s Walden and Emerson’s â€Å"Self-Reliance† call on humans to look inward and avoid conformity in order to find meaning and purpose in life. Nathaniel Hawthorne is also sympathetic to these ideals, but in The Scarlet Letter, he conveys them in the format of a novel whereRead MoreLiterary Analyzes Of Young Goodman Brown1746 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresent society as a whole. They show how sin can tempt any individual whose faith is still developing. D. M. Mckeithan writes in her essay Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†: An Interpretation, â€Å"Goodman Brown is the everyman of average intelligence who is striving to live a good life† (94). He is someone who is respected in his community but has not made much of an effort to make himself well known. He has the reputation of one who has refrained from sin, but he is not known for doing any great deeds

How Evil Can One Be - 997 Words

How evil can one be? Husband committing a murder on his wife, father killing his daughter and animals experiencing humans hostile act is most disturbing yet realistic facts of the Dark Romanticism period. Romanticism is best described as a journey away from the corruption of civilization and the limits of rational thought and toward the integrity of nature and the freedom of imagination. Dark romanticism is a literary sub-genre of Romanticism. It talks about nature, human nature, and the past. Edgar Allan Poe is called one of the most â€Å"brilliant but erratic† authors. He used many gothic elements (i.e. grotesque characters, violence, and abnormal events) in his writings.†¦show more content†¦Geovanni thinks after noticing her closely â€Å" What is this being?...beautiful shall I call her ?...or inexpressibly terrible?†( 45). Giovanni sees how her inner beauty is not the same as her physical appearance. He is unable to accept the existence of evil in human nature since love made his understanding side blind. Doctor Rappaccini exposed Beatrice to a poison by hoping of making her durable. As a result, he made her hurt everything she touches, as well as Giovanni. Rappaccini s evil character turns out to be the reason for his own daughter’s death. Furthermore, Poe’s literature â€Å"The Black Cat† characterizes the narrator step by step. The main character had a cat and he hangs him to death. After killing the first cat, he is introduced to a new cat which looks the same as the last cat. The narrator is evil when he drinks but used to be a nice and animal loving. His horrific personality makes him lose his caring and extremely patient wife of his. After stopping him from the first cat, the narrator explains â€Å" Goaded, by the interference, into a rage more than demoniacal, I withdrew my arm from her grasp and buried the axe in her brain† (8). Home is supposed to be a place where people feel secure more than any other place. The narrator makes his home a living hell for his wife, cats, and himself. As a person who killed a cat and his wife, it should be expected to seeShow MoreRelatedA Bible Study Session At The Emanuel African Methodist Church1408 Words   |  6 Pagesknow, were good people. Why would God allow such evil to occur, especially in a church? Better yet, why does God allow any evil to occur? The Problem of Evil is that if an omnipotent, omniscient, and omnibenevolent god exists, then evil does not but evil exist. Therefore such a God does not exist. There are different ways to explain how both God and evil exist. Evil does exist in our world and it does because God gives mankind free will and that evil is necessary for good. Those who disagree willRead MoreEvil : Evil And Evil1300 Words   |  6 Pagespaper) is fundamentally good and moral, and is even unable to create evil, then how did evil come to be in the life we are living? According to the problem of evil, if there is a God, there is no evil. But because there is evil in the world, the conclusion can be drawn that there is no God (Sober). At first glance, this argument is perfectly logical. However, this claim may be reversed. For if one is indicating that there is evil in this world, they are believing that there has been a â€Å"line† drawnRead MoreShades of Evil in Cheshunt - the Gathering947 Words    |  4 Pagesuntil one comes who is empty: like a vessel who will gather the darkness into it, and enable infection to grow and extend like cancer. The vessel has come, the darkness now gathers† (page 84). Evil that gathers in Cheshunt comes in shades of colours: â€Å"fire-red† and â€Å"uniform-blue†. But each of these evils are defeated by â€Å"love-white†. The mental battle of evil and how evil can be abusive, aggressive and violent (fire-red) and the deceptiveness and dishonesty of authority (uniform – blue) can be hardRead MoreExploring the Idea of Evil Essay example1162 Words   |  5 Pagesattempted to understand what evil truly is, and, if possible, how to eliminate this evil from their lives. However, first it must be known what it is that is being eliminated. Different people, cultures, and eras have all had a different view of what evil is, and how it affects their lives, and there is no true answer. Because of this, discussing the ide a of whether people are born or can be evil is meaningless. The idea of what evil is, and whether people can be evil, is relative and cannot be appliedRead MoreThe Existence Of Evil : Evil1451 Words   |  6 Pages The existence of evil seems undeniable. As we progress through our lives and go through our everyday routines, we can see and acknowledge that evil is all around us. By simply turning on the news, we are immediately bombarded with reports of violent murders, dangerous storms, robberies and a new dangerous disease affecting half of the countries in the world. There is no denying that people suffer because we have experienced pain and suffering ourselves. At one point or another in our lives, we areRead MoreWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay872 Words   |  4 Pagesplaying a part of how they act. When the boys started to hunt they would like to kill pigs for fun. At one point they thought of it like a sport. Jack one the characters in the book would make fun of pigg y for being fat and wearing glasses. This is due because jack has certain genes that already make him not like piggy. Humans are born with genes that determine how they act and what they do. Humans are born with good or evil; There surroundings allow good or evil to thrive. A persons evil genes prosperRead MoreEvil is Not Inherent: A Persuasive Essay1138 Words   |  5 Pagesliving, evil is not inherent and can change or influence a person’s aspect of the world based on the community they are in. Evil is the force of things that are morally wrong and the matter of suffering, wrongdoing and misfortune (Merriam Webster). Evil is not inherent because an evil community can change or influence a person’s way of thinking, can consume people the more they are relinquished to it, and can mold a person when a person has power or feel a certain way. Furthermore, evil can be claimRead MoreThe Duality Within People By Christopher Nolan s The Dark Knight1278 Words   |  6 Pagesstruggle between good and evil is seen within human nature, as it is one of the most complex and controversial topics analyzed by many philosophers since the Ancient Greeks. The confrontation and differences of good and evil are displayed in Christopher Nolan’s The Dark Knight, through the character of Harvey Dent, who becomes Two-Face. Two-Face plays a crucial role for the understanding of human nature, as he is a manifestation of the inner turmoil of good versus evil that resides within peopleRead MoreThe Dark Knight and Defining Evil Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesBased on the excerpt from Evil: A Primer, William Hart goes through a painstaking process in trying to pin down the definition of evil. â€Å"Despite five thousand years of recorded human wrong doing, despite all that out prophets and scholars and poets and undead homicidal maniacs have told us, the origin and definition of evil remain impossible to pin down† (Hart 2). Hart tries to define evil and in the end he is able to boil the root of evil to a lengthy list of criteria and an empty definition.Read MoreGood Vs. Evil In Lord Of The Flies And Beowulf944 Words   |  4 Pagesv. Evil, it’s way more than just a concept, it’s more of a lifelong struggle insi de of you. What more could you do when evil is shown all around you? Many of us may see the struggle between good and evil in the people we come across everyday. Flawed individuals may be perceived as good but are bad in the eyes of someone else; it all comes down to how you see it. The exposure to things and memories you make help impact the good in you. In order to further evaluate the argument of how good can come

Business Macroeconomics Global Financial Downfall

Question: Describe about the Business Macroeconomics for Global Financial Downfall. Answer: Introduction: When most of the world was staggering behind because of the start of the global financial downfall during the end of the first decade of the millennium, the only country that managed to stay steady was South Africa. This is solely because of its robust monetary and fiscal policies. In order to provide an overview of the economy of South Africa, it is necessary to get acquainted about its socio political situations as well as the socioeconomic structures (Asongu 2014). The country is very stable in terms of politics and possesses a well-capitalized banking system. The country is also rich in terms of natural resources and the regulatory systems of the country are quite efficient. The research and developments sector is very advanced and strong with wide development capabilities along with a sound base of manufacturing sector. The World Bank ranked South Africa as the second largest economy in Africa after Nigeria in the segment of Upper Middle Class Economy in the year 2014. As per th e empirics provided by the World Bank the GDP or Gross Domestic Product of the country was estimated to be $ 350.1 billion and the population of the country was estimated to be 54 million (Berg et al. 2015). According to the World Economic Forum the per capita GDP of South Africa is $ 6483. The country because of its rich nature was incorporated in the BRICS countries in the year 2011. Now the effectiveness of the monetary and fiscal policies adopted by the governing body of South Africa will be evaluated. In the preceding months the global landscape had been dominated by the United Kingdoms decision of leaving the European Union. The situation of the global economy is becoming more uncertain with the passage of time because of the assessments of these developments (Inchauste et al. 2015). However, there is a lack of proper clarity of the particular process going forward and this has had significant impact over the growth and rate of interest. The South African financial market have been overflowed specifically by the exchange rate, therefore the direct impact of over the growth rate of South Africa along with the trade are very likely to be restricted (Debrun and Masson 2013). On the downside domestic growth has surprised again while the outlook was constrained. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation were found out to be 6.1 percent in the month of May and afterwards I the month of June it increased to 6.3 percent. However, in the month of April the food price inflation was measured to be 11.3 percent and after that in June it fell slightly and became 11 percent. Goods price inflation increased to 6.7 percent while it was 6.6 percent in May (Combes et al. 2014). The core inflation as measured by bank that excludes electricity, fuel and food was increased to 5.6 percent from 5.5 percent. Again the producer price inflation measured for the finally produced goods depicted a continuous downward trend it declined from 7.0 percent in June to nearly 6.5 percent in May. This is mainly because of the moderations made in the price inflation of foods, beverages and tobacco products. The rising prices of the crops especially cereals and other crops depicted that the effect of drought is still there (Habib 2013). The price of the live animals was also showing an upward rising trend. Presently the inflation forecast as stated by the bank portrayed a marginal improvement when compared with the previous forecasts. However, the rate of inflation is still expected to rise in this year also and is expected to reach its target level of 3-6 percent by the end of the third quarter of 2017. In the year 2016 the rate of inflation is expected to maintain an average of 6.6 percent, while in 2017 it is expected to maintain an average of 6.0 percent (Ndikumana 2014). The outcome of the referen dum of United Kingdom affected the situation of the global economy as a whole. There was a high degree of volatility evident in the financial markets; however, it was stabilized to some extent at a later stage. Although, the long term real impacts of this referendum are expected to be negative in the context of global growth and that too particularly in the United Kingdom and in Europe. This is because the investments decisions were pending while there was the transition period (Kawai 2015). Effectiveness of the Fiscal Policy: During the four months since the government of South Africa presented the Medium Term Budget policy Statement of 2015, the economic environment of the country started to deteriorate significantly, by bringing down the GDP growth and the revenue projection of South Africa. There was a remarkable increase in the bond yield while the rand exchange rate fell 14 percent in exchange of the US dollar (Hajj et al. 2013). This downturn was partly because of the weakening of the global outlook. The prices of the commodity decreased, while risk aversion along with the rate of interest increased significantly in the developed countries. This have leaded to an outflow of substantial amount of capital and thereby resulting into currency depreciation in the developing countries. The slowdown of the economy also reflected a lack of confidence among the consumers and the investors of South Africa. The expected growth rate was further fallen because of the energy constraints. Moreover, the recent drought conditions have reduced the agricultural output and thereby increased the prices of the food products. Investors responded negatively to the changes proposed in the financial framework on 9th December in the last year (Lundahl and Petersson 2013). This has raised questions about the robust fiscal management of South Africa and thereby increased the premium of government debt. During the end of the year 2015, rating agencies cited the poor prospects of economic growth and other concerns, either adversely affected the sovereign credit ratings of South Africa for foreign currency debt or damaged the outlook of the country (Guzman et al. 2014). The impact of an event like this, even if it were going to take place were very difficult to predict. Moreover, this downgrading would lead to a spike in the rate of interest and will weaken the rand exchange rate further. In other words it will reverse the capital flow and will definitely trigger a recession. In a situation like this a well-equipped fiscal measure is necessary to restore the situation of the public finance to a sustainable level (Leubolt et al. 2014). Since 2012, the government of South Africa has efficiently maintained infrastructure and social programs. Although the sluggish rate of economic growth has affected the revenue collection putting constraints over the particular resource to mitigate the budget deficit. These are the considerations that compelled the government of South Africa to design and implement additional measures regarding revenue and expenditure over the medium turn (Fritz and Prates 2014). The budget proposals of 2016 were aimed at reinforcing the commitment of the government towards a robust and sustainable fiscal trajectory and react efficiently towards the redesigned circumstances that has aroused since the implementation of the MTBPS of 2015. In the next three years the government has proposed to lower the ceiling of expenditure, bolster the tax revenue, effectively manage the fiscal risk resulting from the state owned enterprises and also strictly restrict the growth of compensation budget (Gossel and Biekpe 2013). After the implementation of this framework it is expected that the budget deficit will be eliminated more rapidly as compared to the time that was announced during the time of MTBPS of 2015. In the financial year 2016-17 the government of South Africa will definitely achieve a primary consolidated surplus and revenue will exceed over the non interest spending (Caldern et al. 2016). The budget deficit will come down from 3.2 percent in 2016-17 to 2.8 percent in the financial year 2017-18 and furthermore in the upcoming years. Now in order to achieve these fiscal goals the government of South Africa has proposed the following, It will raise the revenue with the help of an efficient tax policy measure that will raise the revenue to R 18.1 billion and further R 15 billion in the next two subsequent years. It will lower the ceiling of expenditure by R 10 billion in the year 2017-18 and R 15 million in the year 2018-19 by curtailing the compensation budgets, along with the efficient framework to restrict hiring. Reprioritizing an amount of R 31.8 billion in the next three years in order to mitigate the new needs of spending without raising the envelop of total expenditure. In relation to the projections stated in the MTBPS of 2015, these measures will give rise to an additional fiscal consolidation of R 18 billion in the financial year 2016-17 along with R 25 billion and R30 billion in the financial years 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively (Caldern and Nguyen 2016). The government of South Africa is committed towards eradicating its medium term budget deficits and will evidently take additional steps for achieving its commitments. The proposition of further budget may interchange the combination of revenue and expenditure measures without disturbing the overall size of the alliance. Reforms in tax policy for boosting revenue: The budget of 2016 proposes that the tax will increase R 48 billion during the next three financial years compared to the MTBPS 2015 estimates. In the financial year 2016-17 an additional amount of R 7.6 billion revenue will be increased by constraining the relief for the effect of inflation on personal income tax (Svensson 2015). Rise in the fuel levy along with the specific duties of excise will sum up to an amount of R 9.5 billion while on the other hand, adjustments in the capital gains tax and the transfer duties will amount to R 2 billion. Lowering the ceiling of expenditure: The budget proposals of 2016 have proposed to reduce the baseline expenditure growth by R 25 billion over the period of MTEF as compared with the estimates of MTBPS of 2015. This reduction of R 10 billion and R 15 billion in 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively will be implemented to the compensation budgets of provincial and national departments (Ali et al 2014). This measure in order to be effective the appointments for the purpose of filling up the administrative as well as the managerial vacancies will be blocked on the payroll system of the government. National treasury which is working along with the provincial treasury coupled with the Department of Public Service and Administration will only authorize appointments only when the concerned department has presented a clear plan of human resource that is aligned with the reduced compensated budget and better efficiency. Reprioritizing for the needs of new spending: The government of South Africa has also responded to the new spending needs except from compromising with the expenditure limits. In order to avoid reduction in budget that may negatively affect the delivery of services to the poor of South Africa, it has been dealt with additional care. The budget of 2016 proposes to reprioritize the spending which is nearly R 31.8 billion compared to the MTEF period for supporting higher education and Contribution of South Africa for the New Development Bank. Moreover, in addition to this another R 3.5 billion will be added to this amount in the contingency reserves in 2016/17 for the purpose of mitigating the macroeconomic risks (Ali et al 2014). These are briefly the steps taken by the government of South Africa to protect the country from the global downfall. Therefore, this is precisely the effectiveness of the fiscal policy framework. Now, the study will focus on the effectiveness of the monetary policy adopted by the government of South Africa. Effectiveness of the Monetary Policy: The monetary policy adopted by the government of a country is generally a combination of processes that helps the monetary authority of that country to control the supply of money. It sometimes uses the inflation rate or the interest rate in order to ensure stable price and enhance the trust in currency. The evolution of monetary policy in South Africa has been quite significant. The monetary authority of South Africa has adopted three types of monetary policy at the first stage that is during 1970 the monetary policy was of Direct Control Regime then came the Liquidity ratio asset based system afterwards it has adopted a new monetary policy in 2000 it was the Inflation targeting framework. The monetary policy system of South Africa has been able to face the development and economic challenges effectively and efficient in both the domestic as well as the foreign countries (Isaacs 2014). The inflation targeting policy in which the central bank announces a targeted interest rate and policies are designed in accordance with that to achieve that target interest rate. It has been observed that the unanticipated contractionary monetary policy of South Africa affected the output of South Africa and it has also been observed that it lowers the level of output. Therefore, it also suggests that the unanticipated monetary policy has nominal effects as well that left the price level at a lower level. In accordance with the relationship between inflation and output the reserve bank of the country were able to maintain the Friedmans hypothesis. The hypothesis states that an increase in the level of inflation reduces the functional information of price movements along with hindering the contracting in the long run. In South Africa a contractionary monetary policy also affected the consumption expenditure. An increase in the rate of interest lowers the level of consumption by reducing the level of disposable income. Disposable income is that income which is available to the households after paying the taxes and mortgage payments. Tightening the monetary policy will impact on both the household wealth and credits (Isaacs 2014). As per the reserve bank of South Africa the country has reached a current account deficit amounting to 216202 million ZAR during the financial year 2013. At the same time the deficit in trade balance reached 14205 million ZAR. The trade balance of South Africa as a percentage of Gross Domestic Output has increased since the year 2003 (Isaacs 2014). These deficits in the trade balance is best explained by the lowering of exports of commodities taken together with high imports of fuel and value added goods. The effects of contractionary monetary policy and the exchange rate appreciation measure on the balance of trade in South Africa are compared. It is found that the exchange rate appreciation measure worsens the trade balance of the country when compared with the contractionary monetary policy. The government of the country also focused on some other aspects of the economy in order to boost up the growth rate (Martorano et al. 2014). It has started using the public resources for boos ting the economic activity by giving priority to the actions that directly affects the economy as a whole. Therefore, the fiscal policy of the South African government can also be regarded as a efficient one, but not as efficient as the fiscal policy. Reference List: Ali, M., Fjeldstad, O.H. and Sjursen, I.H., 2014. To pay or not to pay? Citizens attitudes toward taxation in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and South Africa.World Development,64, pp.828-842. Asongu, S., 2014. Are proposed African monetary unions optimal currency areas? Real, monetary and fiscal policy convergence analysis.African Journal of Economic and Management Studies,5(1), pp.9-29. Berg, A., OConnell, S., Pattillo, C., Portillo, R. and Unsal, F., 2015. Monetary policy issues in sub-Saharan Africa.The Oxford Handbook of Africa and Economics: Volume 2: Policies and Practices, p.62. Caldern, C. and Nguyen, H., 2016. The Cyclical Nature of Fiscal Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of African Economies. Caldern, C., Duncan, R. and Schmidtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Hebbel, K., 2016. Do Good Institutions Promote Countercyclical Macroeconomic Policies?.Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. Combes, J.L., Debrun, X., Minea, A. and Tapsoba, R., 2014. Inflation Targeting and Fiscal Rules: Do Interactions and Sequencing Matter?. Debrun, X. and Masson, P.R., 2013. Modelling monetary union in Southern Africa: Welfare evaluation for the CMA and SADC.South African Journal of Economics,81(2), pp.275-291. Fritz, B. and Prates, D., 2014. The new IMF approach to capital account management and its blind spots: lessons from Brazil and South Korea.International Review of Applied Economics,28(2), pp.210-239. Gossel, S.J. and Biekpe, N., 2013. The Cyclical Relationships Between South Africa's Net Capital Inflows and Fiscal and Monetary Policies.Emerging Markets Finance and Trade,49(2), pp.64-83. Guzman, M., Ocampo, A. and Stiglitz, J., 2014. Real Exchange Rate Policies for Economic Development.Department of Trade and Industry, Pretoria, South Africa. Habib, A., 2013.South Africas suspended revolution: Hopes and prospects. Ohio University Press. Hajj, F.A., Dufrnot, G., Sugimoto, K. and Wolf, R., 2013. Reactions to Shocks and Monetary Policy Regimes: Inflation Targeting Versus Flexible Currency Board in Ghana, South Africa and the WAEMU. Inchauste, G., Lustig, N., Maboshe, M., Purfield, C. and Woolard, I., 2015. The distributional impact of fiscal policy in South Africa.Policy Research working paper,7194. Isaacs, G., 2014. The myth of neutrality and the rhetoric of stability: macroeconomic policy in democratic South Africa. Kawai, M., 2015. International Spillovers of Monetary Policy: US Federal Reserve's Quantitative Easing and Bank of Japan's Quantitative and Qualitative Easing. Leubolt, B., Fischer, K. and Saha, D., 2014. Are targeting and universalism complementary or competing paradigms in social policy? Insights from Brazil India and South Africa.International Journal of Labour Research,6(1), p.75. Lundahl, M. and Petersson, L., 2013. Post-apartheid South Africa: an economic success story?.Achieving Development Success: Strategies and Lessons from the Developing World, p.232. Martorano, B., Cornia, G.A. and Stewart, F., 2014. Human Development and Fiscal Policy.Towards Human Development: New approaches to macroeconomics and inequality, p.221. Ndikumana, L., 2014.Implications of monetary policy for credit and investment in sub-Saharan African countries(No. 356). PERI Working Paper. Svensson, L.E., 2015, October. Monetary Policy and Macroprudential Policy: Different and Separate. InFederal Reserve Bank of Boston Conference Macroprudential Monetary Policy.

Othello Essays (457 words) - Othello, Iago, Michael Cassio, Emilia

The story of Othello is of the Moor for Venice that is too trusting. Othello is made to believe that his new wife Desdemona is having an affair with one of his officers name Cassio, by which he believes to be his trusted friend Iago. The introduction of Othello is of Iago conversation with Rodrigo about his anger over not receiving the lieutenant position that Cassio has just been given by Othello. This conversation sets the story and immediately displays Iagos hatred toward Cassio and Othello. Also shows Iago?s ways of deception and manipulation. In Othello the rising actions are of Iago and Rodrigo plans to have Cassio demoted from his lieutenant position by making sure that Othello witnesses him fighting while drunk. This is the first step in Iagos plan of the demise of Othello and Cassio. Igao continues his plan by first implying to Othello about the affair, then when Othello want proof of his lie, Iago plants Desdemona?s handkerchief, which was taken by Igao?s wife Emilia, in Cassios room. Iago then makes sure that Othello sees Cassio wiping his brow with the handkerchief he gave Desdemona. After seeing this Othello plans to have Cassio killed and once he is killed then Othello will Desdemona for her affair. Gomez 2 The Climax of Othello is the playing out of Othello?s plan to have Cassio killed and then kill Desdemona. Iago has Rodrigo attack Cassio by which he gets injured, but during the brawl Iago actually attacks Rodrigo and kills he so we will not say anything about his plan. Once Othello believes that Iago has killed Cassio, he proceeds with his plan to kill Desdemona. After Othello kills Desdemona Emilia, wife of Iago, sees what he has done and tells everyone. As everyone does in to see Desdemona Othello why he did and the entire truth comes out of Iago?s plan. To not have Emilia tell anyone of his plan Iago kills her. Although Othello finds out that Desdemona did not have an affair and that his friend Cassio did not betray him, there is still no resolution to the story of Othello. Iago refuses to tell anyone about why he made this plan to destroy Othello and Cassio. In the end Othello is so upset about what is gullibility has caused that he stabs himself and as a result of that he dies, but not before he stabs Iago for not telling the truth of why he did what he did. Iago?s plan not only led to the destruction of Othello and Cassio?s life but Desdemona, Emilia and his own life. At the end of Othello Iago ended up not reviling why he did what he did.